Myelodysplastic neoplasms: An overview on diagnosis, risk-stratification, molecular pathogenesis, and treatment.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms are clonal hematological malignancies arising from hematopoietic stem cells that accumulate various mutations. MDS is heterogeneous in nature but uniformly characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, dysplasia of one or more cell lineages, and an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Disease-related risk is commonly assessed using the Revised International Prognostic Scoring System based on five cytogenetic risk groups, together with refined categories for bone marrow blast percentage and number of cytopenias.

Retrospective karyotype study in mentally retarded patients.

Objective: To describe the chromosomal alterations in patients with mental retardation (MR) using G-banding karyotype analysis.

Method: A retrospective study of the results G-banding karyotype analysis of 369 patients investigated for MR was performed. Based on the structural rearrangements found, the authors searched all chromosomal regions related with breakpoints, and these were compared with the literature on MR and databases.

Association of microparticles and preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndrome characterized by poor placentation and endothelial dysfunction. The diagnosis for this syndrome is based in hypertension and proteinuria presented after the 20th week of pregnancy. Despite intensive research, PE is still one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, although reliable screening tests or effective treatments of this disease have yet to be proposed.

Circulating microparticles in severe preeclampsia.

The present study aimed to evaluate microparticles (MPs) from different sources in women with severe preeclampsia (PE) compared with normotensive pregnant women and non-pregnant women. This case-control study evaluated 28 pregnant women with severe PE, 30 normotensive pregnant women, and 29 non-pregnant women. MPs from neutrophils, endothelial cells, monocytes, platelets, leukocytes, erythrocytes, and syncytiotrophoblast were evaluated using flow cytometry.