Pegivirus Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Central Nervous System Infections of Unknown Etiology in Brazil by Viral Metagenomics.

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) methodology serves as an excellent supplement in cases where diagnosis is challenging to establish through conventional laboratory tests, and its usage is increasingly prevalent. Examining the causes of infectious diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) is vital for understanding their spread, managing outbreaks, and effective patient care. In a study conducted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 500 patients with CNS diseases of indeterminate etiology, collected between 2017 and 2021, were analyzed.

Use of Sanger protocols to identify variants of concern, key mutations and track evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

Vaccination and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants mark the second year of the pandemic. Variants have amino acid mutations at the spike region, a viral protein central in the understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis and vaccine response. Variants may dominate local epidemics, as Gamma (P.

Surveillance and molecular characterization of human sapovirus in patients with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil, 2010 to 2017.

Background: Human sapoviruses (HuSaV) are associated with acute gastroenteritis (AGE), causing sporadic cases and outbreaks in patients worldwide. In Brazil, however, there are few reports describing the prevalence of HuSaV in patients with AGE.

Objective: Describing the diversity of HuSaV in Brazil by detecting and molecularly characterizing HuSaV among patients with AGE during an 8-year period (2010-2017).

Applying a pan-flavivirus RT-qPCR assay in Brazilian public health surveillance.

The aim of this study was to improve flavivirus field monitoring in Brazil using a reliable probe-based RT-qPCR assay. Standard flavivirus strains were employed to evaluate the performance of the assay, and its applicability was evaluated using 235 stored pools of Culicidae samples collected between 1993 and 1997 and in 2016. Flavivirus species were identified by sequencing.

Epizootics due to Yellow Fever Virus in São Paulo State, Brazil: viral dissemination to new areas (2016-2017).

Beginning in late 2016 Brazil faced the worst outbreak of Yellow Fever in recent decades, mainly located in southeastern rural regions of the country. In the present study we characterize the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) associated with this outbreak in São Paulo State, Brazil. Blood or tissues collected from 430 dead monkeys and 1030 pools containing a total of 5,518 mosquitoes were tested for YFV by quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and indirect immunofluorescence.

Discovery of a new antiviral protein isolated Lonomia obliqua analysed by bioinformatics and real-time approaches.

This study presents a new recombinant protein that acts as a powerful antiviral (rAVLO-recombinant Antiviral protein of Lonomia obliqua). It was able to reduce the replication by 10(6) fold for herpes virus and by 10(4) fold for rubella virus. RT-PCR of viral RNA rAVLO treated infected cells also showed similar rate of inhibition in replication.

Brazilian spotted fever: real-time PCR for diagnosis of fatal cases.

Suspicion of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) should occur in endemic regions upon surveillance of the acute febrile icteric hemorrhagic syndrome (AFIHS). However, limitations associated with currently available laboratory tests pose a challenge to early diagnosis, especially in fatal cases. Two real-time PCR (qPCR) protocols were evaluated to diagnose BSF in 110 fatal AFIHS cases, collected in BSF-endemic regions in 2009-2010.