Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation in Child and Adolescent Patients with Psychiatric Disorders.

There are currently no long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in child and adolescent patients, however these agents are used off-label for the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. This study aims to describe the initiation and maintenance dosing strategies of LAIAs in child and adolescent psychiatry inpatients. This was a single-site retrospective chart review of patients less than 18 years of age initiated on an LAIA during an acute psychiatric hospitalization between October 1, 2015, and October 31, 2022.

Forgoing Preoperative Manometry for Minimally Invasive Hiatal Hernia Repair.

Introduction: Hiatal hernia commonly occurs in adults. Although most patients are asymptomatic, some experience reflux symptoms or dysphagia. These patients are frequently managed with acid suppression and lifestyle changes.

When Is Intensive Care Unit Admission Needed After an Esophagectomy?

Introduction: Due to the high morbidity associated with esophagectomies, patients are often directly admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) for postoperative monitoring. However, critical complications can arise after this initial ICU stay. We hypothesized that the timing of ICU stay was not optimal for the care of patients after esophagectomy and aimed to determine when patients are at risk for developing critical complications.

Pharmacist-implemented intervention to surmount COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in adults with substance use disorders.

Purpose: Substance use disorders (SUDs) increase the risk and severity of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adults with a co-occurring SUD and psychiatric disorder were studied to elucidate the association between SUD severity and (1) COVID-19 vaccination status, (2) receptivity to a one-session intervention with a pharmacist advocating the benefits of vaccination, and (3) acceptance of referral for vaccination following the intervention.

Methods: COVID-19 vaccination status was recorded in 460 adults with SUD (324 males and 136 females) upon entry into inpatient treatment.

Is badfiction processed differently by the human brain? An electrophysical study on reading experience.

Literary reception is a special case of language processing. The judgment of literature reveals deep social patterns with embodied cognition. In this study, we investigate how differences in literary quality resonate in the human brain.

The role of interventional bronchoscopy in the management of malignant central airway obstruction.

Nearly a third of patients with primary lung cancer present with malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO), and some of them appear to have advanced disease. In these patients, accurate staging is crucial. Although the literature extensively outlines the role of interventional bronchoscopy in palliation, its contribution to refining the staging of patients with MCAO is noteworthy.

ASHP and ASHP Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2024: Strategic Planning Guidance for Pharmacy Departments in Hospitals and Health Systems.

Purpose: The 2024 ASHP Pharmacy Forecast identifies and contextualizes emerging issues and trends that will influence healthcare, health systems, and the pharmacy profession and provides recommendations to inform long-term strategic planning that should prompt action by pharmacists and health-system leaders.

Methods: Drawing on the “wisdom of crowds” concept, a survey was constructed with 6 general themes, each with 6 to 9 focused statements and a seventh theme on preparedness (58 survey items in total). The size of and representation within the survey panel were intended to capture opinions from a wide range of pharmacy leaders.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, and mortality after trauma are associated with increased circulation of syndecan-1, soluble thrombomodulin, and receptor for advanced glycation end products.

Background: Disruption of the vascular endothelium and endothelial glycocalyx (EG) has been described after severe trauma. Plasma has been suggested to restore microvascular integrity by preservation and repair of the EG. We sought to evaluate whether plasma administered in a 1:1:1 ratio was associated with less endothelial marker circulation than a 1:1:2 ratio.

Positive Bubble Study But No Evidence of Interatrial Defect in a Patient with Recurrent Cryptogenic Stroke.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) can be asymptomatic or result in a range of complications such as brain abscesses or cryptogenic emboli, which can contribute to morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated in a timely manner. To date, there have been several reports of delayed diagnosis of PAVMs, which have been largely attributed to the misconception that PAVMs are too rare to be of clinical significance. Furthermore, because intracardiac shunting secondary to a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) also results in a positive saline contrast study with echocardiography, PAVM can be easily misdiagnosed as an intracardiac right-toleft shunt.

Establishing a core outcome set for blunt cerebrovascular injury: an EAST modified Delphi method consensus study.

Objectives: Our understanding of blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) has changed significantly in recent decades, resulting in a heterogeneous description of diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in the literature which is not suitable for data pooling. Therefore, we endeavored to develop a core outcome set (COS) to help guide future BCVI research and overcome the challenge of heterogeneous outcomes reporting.

Methods: After a review of landmark BCVI publications, content experts were invited to participate in a modified Delphi study.

Pulmonary Open, Robotic, and Thoracoscopic Lobectomy (PORTaL) Study: Survival Analysis of 6646 Cases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze overall survival (OS) of robotic-assisted lobectomy (RL), video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS), and open lobectomy (OL) performed by experienced thoracic surgeons across multiple institutions.

Summary Background Data: Surgeons have increasingly adopted RL for resection of early-stage lung cancer. Comparative survival data following these approaches is largely from single-institution case series or administrative data sets.

Lipoid Pneumonia.

Lipoid pneumonia occurs due to the accumulation of lipids within the lung tissue. Autopsy series have reported an incidence of 1.0-2.

Association between Drainage-Dependent Prolonged Air Leak after Partial Lung Resection and Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Prolonged air leak (PAL) after partial lung resection can occur owing to surgical complications or in the presence of residual thoracic space. The former type results in drainage-independent PAL (DIPAL), whereas the latter type results in drainage-dependent PAL (DDPAL). DDPAL is described after thoracentesis in patients with nonexpandable lung, where the thoracostomy tube can be discontinued safely despite an ongoing air leak.

Pulmonary Open, Robotic, and Thoracoscopic Lobectomy (PORTaL) Study: An Analysis of 5721 Cases.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of open lobectomy (OL), VATS, and robotic-assisted lobectomy (RL).

Summary Background Data: Robotic-assisted lobectomy has seen increasing adoption for treatment of early-stage lung cancer. Comparative data regarding these approaches is largely from single-institution case series or administrative datasets.

Contemporary Management and Outcomes of Injuries to the Inferior Vena Cava: A Prospective Multicenter Trial From PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment.

Introduction: Injuries to the inferior vena cava (IVC), while uncommon, have a high mortality despite modern advances. The goal of this study is to describe the diagnosis and management in the largest available prospective data set of vascular injuries across anatomic levels of IVC injury.

Methods: The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma PROspective Observational Vascular Injury Treatment (PROOVIT) registry was queried from November 2013 to January 2019.

Management of Postoperative Complications After Esophageal Resection.

Newer surgical techniques have reduced complications and mortality following esophagectomy, but they nevertheless remain high. Data regarding complications are frequently inconsistent and, therefore, difficult to compare between groups. As a result, considerable energy is spent trying to identify best practices to minimize complications.

Recommendations for Surveillance and Management of Recurrent Esophageal Cancer Following Endoscopic Therapies.

With advancing endoscopic technology and screening protocols for Barrett disease, more patients are being diagnosed with early-stage esophageal cancer. These early-stage patients may be amendable to endoscopic therapies, such as endomucosal resection and ablation. These therapies may minimize morbidity, but the elevated risk of recurrence cannot be overlooked.

Staging of Esophageal Malignancy.

Optimal treatment of esophageal cancer is a complex process dependent on many factors, including stage at diagnosis, medical fitness, physician judgment, and expertise. Despite significant advances in understanding of this cancer, survival remains low. Identifying patients with early-stage disease can enhance their outcomes dramatically.

Epidemiology of Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Carcinoma.

To care and treat patients with esophageal cancer, one must first understand the epidemiology of Barrett's esophagus (BE). BE is defined as the intestinal metaplasia occurring within the esophagus from normal squamous epithelium to abnormal specialized columnar epithelium. BE, while first described by Allison in 1948, was attributed to Norman Barrett in 1950, who reported a case of chronic peptic ulcer in the lower esophagus that was covered by columnar epithelium.