Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Analyzed for Cytokine Profiles - A Misguided Hope for Osteogenesis in Jawbone Defects? Research and Clinical Observational Study.

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) blood concentrates are used in oral implantology and defect surgery to promote osteoneogenesis in Bone Marrow Defects in Jawbone (BMDJ), according to the morphology of fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis also called FDOJ.

Question: Can the benefit of PRF on alveolar osteoneogenesis be confirmed by cytokine analysis?.

Methods: The cytokine expressions of the PRF samples in 26 patients undergoing BMDJ/FDOJ surgery in the same session were analysed for seven cytokines (RANTES/CCL5; FGF-2; IL-1RA; Il-6; IL-8; MCP-1; TNF-a) by multiplex (Luminex).

Is preexisting inflamed jaw marrow a "hidden" co-morbidity affecting outcomes of COVID-19 infections? - Clinical comparative study.

Exceedingly high levels of the chemokine CCL5/RANTES have been found in fatty degenerated osteonecrotic alveolar bone cavities (FDOJ) and aseptic ischemic osteolysis of the jaw (AIOJ) from toothless regions. Because CCL5/RANTES seems to have a prominent role in creating the COVID-19 "cytokine storm", some researchers have used the monoclonal antibody Leronlimab to block the CCR5 on inflammatory cells. Is preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ jaw marrow pathology a "hidden" co-morbidity affecting some COVID-19 infections? To what extent does the chronic CCL5/RANTES expression from preexisting FDOJ/AIOJ areas contribute to the progression of the acute cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients? Authors report on reducing the COVID-19 "cytokine storm" by treating infected patients through targeting the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) with Leronlimab and interrupting the activation of CCR5 by high CCL5/RANTES signaling, thus dysregulating the inflammatory phase of the viremia.

Osteoimmune Interaction and TH-1/TH-2 Ratio in Jawbone Marrow Defects: An Underestimated Association - Original Research.

Introduction: Osteoimmunology recognizes the relationship between bone cells and immune cells. Chronic osteoimmune dysregulation is present in bone marrow defects of the jaw (BMDJ) as fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis (FDOJ). In comparison to samples from healthy jaw bone, the cytokine analysis of samples of BMDJ/FDOJ from 128 patients showed downregulated TNF-α and IL-6 expression and the singular overexpression of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5.

Osseointegration and osteoimmunology in implantology: assessment of the immune sustainability of dental implants using advanced sonographic diagnostics: research and case reports.

Objective: Bone marrow defects of the jaw (BMDJ) surrounding dental implants, in combination with impaired bone-to-implant contact (BIC), are difficult to detect in X-rays. This study evaluated BMDJ surrounding titanium (Ti-Impl) and ceramic (Cer-Impl) dental implants and incomplete BIC using a new trans-alveolar ultrasonography device (TAU) with numerical scaling for BIC.

Methods: The titanium stimulation test (Ti-Stim) was used to detect immune overactivation in response to titanium.

Comparison of Cytokine RANTES/CCL5 Inflammation in Apical Periodontitis and in Jawbone Cavitations - Retrospective Clinical Study.

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most common endodontic diseases associated with osteo destructive cytokine production. The literature also reports cytokine studies in fatty degenerative osteonecrotic bone marrow defects (BMDJ/FDOJ) independent of AP.

Objective: We compare the RANTES/CCL5 (R/C) chemokine production between AP and BMDJ/FDOJ.

Linking Dentistry and Chronic Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases - Can Oral and Jawbone Stressors Affect Systemic Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis? A Case Report.

Background: This case report demonstrates the value of ultrasound measurements, and immunological and toxicological diagnostics in addition to current x-ray imaging procedures to diagnose hidden oral and maxillofacial infections. Using a clear scheme shows the procedure of the authors' steps. The positive impact on the patient's dermatological clinical picture is shown.

RANTES/CCL5 Signaling from Jawbone Cavitations to Epistemology of Multiple Sclerosis - Research and Case Studies.

Background: The role played by signaling pathways in the cell-cell communication associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) progression has become a critical area in research. Chemokine RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), also named chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5; R/C), is a protein that has been investigated in neuroinflammatory research due to its link to MS development.

Objective: Research on bone marrow defects in the jawbone (BMDJ), which morphologically presents as fatty-degenerative osteonecrosis of the jawbone (FDOJ), presents overexpression of R/C signaling in affected areas.

Undetected Jawbone Marrow Defects as Inflammatory and Degenerative Signaling Pathways: Chemokine RANTES/CCL5 as a Possible Link Between the Jawbone and Systemic Interactions?

Background: Cytokines, especially chemokines, are of increasing interest in immunology. This study characterizes the little-known phenomenon of "bone marrow defects of the jawbone" (BMDJ) with known overexpression of the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 (R/C).

Purpose: Our investigation clarifies why BMDJ and the intensity of local R/C overexpression are challenging to detect, as examined in patients with seven different systemic immunological diseases.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Bone Marrow Defects of the Jaw - A Case Report on Additional Dental X-Ray Diagnostics with Ultrasound.

Purpose: This paper aims to demonstrate the additional benefit of ultrasound in the diagnosis of chronic osteolysis and osteonecrosis (bone marrow defects) of the jaw shown in a clinical case report.

Patients And Methods: A case of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in a young man presenting the typical, ambiguous symptoms, which were accompanied by headaches and tinnitus. X-ray techniques, namely panoramic radiographs (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (DVT/CBCT), failed to produce any remarkable findings of bone marrow defects (BMDJ) in the jawbone.

Effects of Estrogen Receptor and Wnt Signaling Activation on Mechanically Induced Bone Formation in a Mouse Model of Postmenopausal Bone Loss.

In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Gender differences in knee morphology and the prospects for implant design in total knee replacement.

Background: Morphological differences between female and male knees have been reported in the literature, which led to the development of so-called gender-specific implants. However, detailed morphological descriptions covering the entire joint are rare and little is known regarding whether gender differences are real sexual dimorphisms or can be explained by overall differences in size.

Methods: We comprehensively analysed knee morphology using 33 features of the femur and 21 features of the tibia to quantify knee shape.

Patient-specific musculoskeletal modeling of the hip joint for preoperative planning of total hip arthroplasty: A validation study based on in vivo measurements.

Validation of musculoskeletal models for application in preoperative planning is still a challenging task. Ideally, the simulation results of a patient-specific musculoskeletal model are compared to corresponding in vivo measurements. Currently, the only possibility to measure in vivo joint forces is to implant an instrumented prosthesis in patients undergoing a total joint replacement.

A biomechanical model of the wrist joint for patient-specific model guided surgical therapy: Part 2.

An enhanced musculoskeletal biomechanical model of the wrist joint is presented in this article. The computational model is based on the multi-body simulation software AnyBody. Multi body dynamic musculoskeletal models capable of predicting muscle forces and joint contact pressures simultaneously would be valuable for studying clinical issues related to wrist joint degeneration and restoration.

Development of a biomechanical model of the wrist joint for patient-specific model guided surgical therapy planning: Part 1.

An enhanced musculoskeletal biomechanical model of the wrist joint is presented in this article. The developed computational model features the two forearm bones radius and ulna, the eight wrist bones, the five metacarpal bones, and a soft tissue apparatus. Validation of the model was based on information taken from the literature as well as own experimental passive in vitro motion analysis of eight cadaver specimens.

Action-based multifield video visualization.

One challenge in video processing is to detect actions and events, known or unknown, in video streams dynamically. This paper proposes a visualization solution, where a video stream is depicted as a series of snapshots at a relatively sparse interval, and detected actions are highlighted with continuous abstract illustrations. The combined imagery and illustrative visualization conveys multi-field information in a manner similar to electrocardiograms (ECG) and seismographs.