Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) and mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Background: Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) is a novel blood biomarker for real-time assessment of kidney function and was found to be independently associated with worsening kidney function and mortality. A novel penKid-based estimated glomerular filtration rate equation (eGFR), outperforms current creatinine-based eGFR equations in predicting iohexol or iothalamate plasma clearance-based measured GFR. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of penKid and eGFR for all-cause mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.

Oral curcumin ameliorates acute murine campylobacteriosis.

Introduction: Human infections with the food-borne enteropathogen are responsible for increasing incidences of acute campylobacteriosis cases worldwide. Since antibiotic treatment is usually not indicated and the severity of the enteritis directly correlates with the risk of developing serious autoimmune disease later-on, novel antibiotics-independent intervention strategies with non-toxic compounds to ameliorate and even prevent campylobacteriosis are utmost wanted. Given its known pleiotropic health-promoting properties, curcumin constitutes such a promising candidate molecule.

Unraveling the intestinal epithelial barrier in cyanotoxin microcystin-treated Caco-2 cell monolayers.

Microcystin is a widespread cyanobacterial toxin that affects the intestine to produce diarrheal symptoms after ingestion of freshwater blue-green algae. Our study aimed to characterize the mechanism by which the toxin leads to diarrhea via epithelial barrier dysfunction in a small intestine Caco-2 cell model. Microcystin-treated human Caco-2 epithelial monolayers were functionally and molecularly analyzed for barrier dysfunction.

Vitamin D Reverses Disruption of Gut Epithelial Barrier Function Caused by .

Infections by the zoonotic foodborne bacterium () are among the most frequent causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between epithelial barrier disruption, mucosal immune activation, and vitamin D (VD) treatment during infection, using intestinal epithelial cells and mouse models focused on the interaction of with the VD signaling pathway and VD treatment to improve -induced barrier dysfunction. Our RNA-Seq data from campylobacteriosis patients demonstrate inhibition of VD receptor (VDR) downstream targets, consistent with suppression of immune function.

Immune-Mediated Aggravation of the -Induced Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction.

is a human-pathogenic bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed at the contribution of the mucosal immune system in the context of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by . As an experimental leaky gut model, we used in vitro co-cultures of colonic epithelial cell monolayers (HT-29/B6-GR/MR) with M1-macrophage-like THP-1 cells on the basal side.

Diarrheal Mechanisms and the Role of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Campylobacter Infections.

Campylobacter enteritis is the most common cause of foodborne bacterial diarrhea in humans. Although various studies have been performed to clarify the pathomechanism in Campylobacter infection, the mechanism itself and bacterial virulence factors are yet not completely understood. The purpose of this chapter is to (i) give an overview on Campylobacter-induced diarrheal mechanisms, (ii) illustrate underlying barrier defects, (iii) explain the role of the mucosal immune response and (iv) weigh preventive and therapeutic approaches.

Resveratrol Alleviates Acute Induced Enterocolitis in a Preclinical Murine Intervention Study.

The polyphenolic compound resveratrol has been shown to exert health-beneficial properties. Given globally emerging infections in humans, we addressed potential anti-pathogenic, immuno-modulatory and intestinal epithelial barrier preserving properties of synthetic resveratrol in the present preclinical intervention study applying a murine acute campylobacteriosis model. Two days following peroral infection, secondary abiotic IL-10 mice were either subjected to resveratrol or placebo via the drinking water.

Contribution of pithelial poptosis and ubepithelial mmune esponses in -nduced arrier isruption.

is a widespread zoonotic pathogen and the leading bacterial cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans. Previous infection studies showed disruption of intercellular contacts, induction of epithelial apoptosis, and immune activation, all three contributing to intestinal barrier dysfunction leading to diarrhea. The present study aims to determine the impact of subepithelial immune cells on intestinal barrier dysfunction during infection and the underlying pathological mechanisms.

Impairs Sodium Absorption in Colonic Epithelium via ENaC Dysfunction and Claudin-8 Disruption.

The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) can increase the colonic absorptive capacity for salt and water. is a common pathogenic epsilonproteobacterium, causing enteritis and diarrhea. It can induce barrier dysfunction in the intestine, but its influence on intestinal transport function is still unknown.

Curcumin Mitigates Immune-Induced Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction by .

() is the most common cause of foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide. The bacteria induce diarrhea and inflammation by invading the intestinal epithelium. Curcumin is a natural polyphenol from turmeric rhizome of , a medical plant, and is commonly used in curry powder.

Vitamin D in Acute Campylobacteriosis-Results From an Intervention Study Applying a Clinical Induced Enterocolitis Model.

Human infections are progressively rising and of high socioeconomic impact. In the present preclinical intervention study we investigated anti-pathogenic, immuno-modulatory, and intestinal epithelial barrier preserving properties of vitamin D applying an acute campylobacteriosis model. Therefore, secondary abiotic IL-10 mice were perorally treated with synthetic 25-OH-cholecalciferol starting 4 days before peroral infection.