Biomarkers.

Background: Biorepositories play an integral role in the advancement of our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases and improving human health outcomes. Research efforts are accelerated when access to high-quality clinical specimens is made available from a large, diverse participant group. Indiana University is home to three important neurodegenerative disease-focused biorepositories including the NIA-funded National Centralized Repository for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (NCRAD), the NINDS-funded Biospecimen Exchange for Neurological Disorders (BioSEND), and the Michael J.

Public Health.

Background: Asian Americans and Asian Canadians (ASACs) are the fastest growing minority group in the US and Canada. However, ASACs are under-sampled in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. To address the need of culturally appropriate clinical protocols and community-based recruitment approaches for ASACs, the Asian Cohort for Alzheimer's Disease (ACAD), the first large dementia genetics cohort focusing on Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese, launched in 2021 to examine genetic and non-genetic risk factors for AD among ASACs.

Biomarkers.

Background: Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and there is no single model explaining the genetic mode of inheritance. To date, more than 70 genetic loci associated with AD have been identified but they explain only a small proportion of AD heritability. Structural variants (SVs) may explain some of the missing AD heritability, and specifically, their segregation in AD families has yet to be investigated.

"Missing Mobility": Perspectives of North American Firefighters on the Risks and Causes of Work-Related Shoulder Disorders: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Firefighters are routinely exposed to significant work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) which can sometimes be career-ending due to the workplace stressors and the physical demands of the job. Shoulder disorders are the third most frequent WRMSDs that cause pain, disability, and morbidity in the general working population. However, little is known about the task-specific causes and risk factors for work-related shoulder disorders (WSDs) among firefighters (FFs).

Does Improved Resection Plane Coverage During Shoulder Arthroplasty Influence Proximal Humeral Bone Stress? A Comparison of Circular vs. Elliptical Humeral Heads.

Introduction: Stress shielding remains a concern following total shoulder arthroplasty using press-fit short humeral stems. While the effect of alterations in implant geometry, positioning, and sizing on stress shielding have been investigated, the effects of coverage of the cortical boundary of the resection plane have not yet been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of improved cortical coverage using elliptical vs.

Chronic Allograft Enteropathy Treated with Vedolizumab: A Case Report.

Introduction: The most common cause of late graft loss in intestinal transplantation is chronic allograft enteropathy (CAE). The diagnosis is often delayed because of late symptoms and signs, and the only available treatment is graft enterectomy. We present the first case of CAE successfully treated with a gut-specific integrin blocker.

Advancing toxicovigilance of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances, by using data from four European poison centres.

Introduction: Common recreational drugs and new psychoactive substances pose challenges to public health. This study investigated the feasibility of merging cases of recreational drug poisoning reported to European poison centres.

Methods: Four European poison centres (Freiburg, Germany; the Netherlands; Sweden and Switzerland) collaborated in a retrospective, observational study.

Serum peroxiredoxin-4, a biomarker of oxidative stress, associates with new-onset chronic kidney disease: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), is often detected late due to its asymptomatic nature in the early stage of the disease. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species contributes to various pathological processes through oxidative stress (OS), impacting on cellular structures and functions with previous studies suggesting a link between OS and CKD progression. This study investigated the association between serum peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx4), a biomarker of oxidative stress, and the development of CKD in the general population.

Missense and loss-of-function variants at GWAS loci in familial Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Few rare variants have been identified in genetic loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of Alzheimer's disease (AD), limiting understanding of mechanisms, risk assessment, and genetic counseling.

Methods: Using genome sequencing data from 197 families in the National Institute on Aging Alzheimer's Disease Family Based Study and 214 Caribbean Hispanic families, we searched for rare coding variants within known GWAS loci from the largest published study.

Results: Eighty-six rare missense or loss-of-function (LoF) variants completely segregated in 17.

AD-NEv: A Scalable Multilevel Neuroevolution Framework for Multivariate Anomaly Detection.

Anomaly detection tools and methods present a key capability in modern cyberphysical and failure prediction systems. Despite the fast-paced development in deep learning architectures for anomaly detection, model optimization for a given dataset is a cumbersome and time-consuming process. Neuroevolution could be an effective and efficient solution to this problem, as a fully automated search method for learning optimal neural networks, supporting both gradient and nongradient fine-tuning.

Untargeted faecal metabolomics for the discovery of biomarkers and treatment targets for inflammatory bowel diseases.

The gut microbiome has been recognised as a key component in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and the wide range of metabolites produced by gut bacteria are an important mechanism by which the human microbiome interacts with host immunity or host metabolism. High-throughput metabolomic profiling and novel computational approaches now allow for comprehensive assessment of thousands of metabolites in diverse biomaterials, including faecal samples. Several groups of metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites and bile acids, have been associated with IBD.

Fibrogenesis in Human Mucosa and Muscularis Precision-Cut Intestinal Slices.

In Crohn's Disease (CD), intestinal fibrosis is a prevalent yet unresolved complication arising from chronic and transmural inflammation. The histological assessment of CD intestines shows changes in tissue morphology in all the layers, including the mucosa and muscularis. This study aimed to determine the differences in fibrogenesis between mucosa and muscularis.

Automatic bicipital groove identification in arthritic humeri for preoperative planning: A Random Forest Classifier approach.

The bicipital groove is an important anatomical feature of the proximal humerus that needs to be identified during surgical planning for procedures such as shoulder arthroplasty and proximal humeral fracture reconstruction. Current algorithms for automatic identification prove ineffective in arthritic humeri due to the presence of osteophytes, reducing their usefulness for total shoulder arthroplasty. Our methodology involves the use of a Random Forest Classifier (RFC) to automatically detect the bicipital groove on segmented computed tomography scans of humeri.

The Kouvalchouk procedure vs. distal tibial allograft for treatment of posterior shoulder instability: the deltoid "hammock" effect exists.

Background: In 1993, Kouvalchouk described an acromial bone block with a pedicled deltoid flap for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability. This procedure provides a "double blocking" effect in that the acromial autograft restores posterior glenoid bone loss and the deltoid flap functions as a muscular "hammock" resembling the sling effect of the conjoint in the Latarjet procedure. The primary aim of this study was to compare the Kouvalchouk procedure to distal tibial allograft (DTA) reconstruction for the management of posterior shoulder instability with associated bone loss, while the secondary aim was to evaluate the deltoid hammock effect.

Novel Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Inhibitor Antagonizes Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation: A Potential Drug to Treat Liver Fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis, characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, can progress to cirrhosis and increases the risk of liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a pivotal role in fibrosis progression, transitioning from a quiescent to activated state upon liver injury, wherein they proliferate, migrate, and produce ECM. Calcium signaling, involving the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), regulates HSC activation.

Bridge plating is an effective adjunct treatment for complex elbow instability.

Background: Managing persistent elbow instability and chronic dislocations presents challenges despite traditional treatments. Supplementary methods like immobilization and various fixations, though common, can carry high complication rates. This study assesses the efficacy of bridge plating in treating complex elbow instability through a retrospective review of patients.

Large-scale network analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome identifies molecular signatures of frontotemporal lobar degeneration.

The pathophysiological mechanisms driving disease progression of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and corresponding biomarkers are not fully understood. We leveraged aptamer-based proteomics (> 4,000 proteins) to identify dysregulated communities of co-expressed cerebrospinal fluid proteins in 116 adults carrying autosomal dominant FTLD mutations () compared to 39 noncarrier controls. Network analysis identified 31 protein co-expression modules.

Imaging of pleural disease.

The pleural space is a "potential" anatomical space which is formed of two layers: visceral and parietal. It normally contains a trace of fluid (∼10 mL in each hemithorax). Diseases of the pleura can manifest with thickening of the pleural membranes or by abnormal accumulation of air or liquid.

Corrigendum: The role of cholesterol and mitochondrial bioenergetics in activation of the inflammasome in IBD.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.

An evidence-informed rehabilitation management framework for posterior shoulder tightness: A scoping review.

Objective: To systematically scope the literature on posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and define a therapist-instructed and therapist-administered management framework.

Design: Scoping review.

Literature Search: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar from inception to December 2021.