Innovation in sport medicine and science: a global social network analysis of stakeholder collaboration in rugby union.

Objectives: To investigate the network of stakeholders involved in rugby union research across the globe.

Methods: Using author affiliations listed on scientific publications, we identified the organisations that contributed to rugby union research from 1977 to 2022 and examine collaboration through coauthorship indicators. We determined the locations and sectors of identified organisations and constructed a collaboration network.

Nanomedicine drug delivery in South Africa: a retrospective study on research, funding and collaboration.

After nearly two decades of substantial investment in the field of nanomedicine within South Africa, this study undertakes an investigation into the specific diseases that have been targeted for research and development, as well as the key actors and collaborative networks involved in this burgeoning field. To accomplish this, the study adopts a mixed-method approach, combining bibliometric and scientometric techniques alongside a comprehensive review of existing literature. The study's findings illuminate that the diseases selected for emphasis in nanomedicine research closely align with the prevalent health challenges faced by South Africa.

Towards understanding the drivers of policy change: a case study of infection control policies for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.

Background: Explaining policy change is one of the central tasks of contemporary policy analysis. In this article, we examine the changes in infection control policies for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in South Africa from the time the country made the transition to democracy in 1994, until 2015. We focus on MDR-TB infection control and refer to decentralised management as a form of infection control.

The impact of mHealth interventions on health systems: a systematic review protocol.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) has been described as a health enabling tool that impacts positively on the health system in terms of improved access, quality and cost of health care. The proposed systematic review will examine the impact of mHealth on health systems by assessing access, quality and cost of health care as indicators.

Methods: The systematic review will include literature from various sources including published and unpublished/grey literature.

Characterizing ultraviolet germicidal irradiance luminaires.

In upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiance (UVGI) design, irradiance is an important characteristic, with two opposing dominant dynamics: high-level irradiation on the microorganism and minimum levels of irradiance on human skin and eyes. The use of high-level ray-tracing procedures is followed in establishing radiance and irradiance levels. The main constants in a room influencing these calculations are the spectral and spatial characteristics of the radiation sources in the inter-reflecting surfaces inside the luminaire, as well as the surfaces in the room.