Oncogenic-tsRNA: A novel diagnostic and therapeutic molecule for cancer clinic.

tsRNA (tRNA-derived small RNA) is derived from mature tRNA or precursor tRNA (pre-tRNAs). It is lately found that tsRNA's aberrant expression is associated with tumor occurrence and development, it may be used a molecule of diagnosis and therapy. Based on the cleavage position of pre-tRNAs or mature tRNAs, tsRNAs are classified into two categories: tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and tRNA halves (also named tiRNAs or tRHs).

TRIM28 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer by targeting the BRD7 protein for ubiquitination and degradation.

Purpose: Bromodomain-containing protein 7 (BRD7) is downregulated and functions as a tumor suppressor in many types of cancers including breast cancer, and the dysregulation of BRD7 expression is closely related to the development and progression of breast cancer. Whereas little attention has been focused on the regulation of BRD7 protein levels in breast cancer, which needs to be further elucidated.

Methods: The protein stability of BRD7 in breast cancer cells and BRD7 protein level in breast cancer tissues was examined by Western Blotting.

A specific super-enhancer actuated by berberine regulates EGFR-mediated RAS-RAF1-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to induce nasopharyngeal carcinoma autophagy.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), primarily found in the southern region of China, is a malignant tumor known for its highly metastatic characteristics. The high mortality rates caused by the distant metastasis and disease recurrence remain unsolved clinical problems. In clinic, the berberine (BBR) compound has widely been in NPC therapy to decrease metastasis and disease recurrence, and BBR was documented as a main component with multiple anti-NPC effects.

Identifying MiR-140-3p as a stable internal reference to normalize MicroRNA qRT-PCR levels of plasma small extracellular vesicles in lung cancer patients.

Exploration of a stably expressed gene as a reference is critical for the accurate evaluation of miRNAs isolated from small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). In this study, we analyzed small RNA sequencing on plasma sEV miRNAs in the training dataset (n = 104) and found that miR-140-3p was the most stably expressed candidate reference for sEV miRNAs. We further demonstrated that miR-140-3p expressed most stably in the validation cohort (n = 46) when compared to two other reference miRNAs, miR-451a and miR-1228-3p, and the commonly-used miRNA reference U6.

Ferroptosis: a critical mechanism of N-methyladenosine modification involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulatory cell necrosis induced by iron overload and lipid peroxidation. It occurs when multiple redox-active enzymes are ectopically expressed or show abnormal function. Hence, the precise regulation of ferroptosis-related molecules is mediated across multiple levels, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and epigenetic levels.

Validation of Core Ingredients and Molecular Mechanism of Cinobufotalin Injection Against Liver Cancer.

Purpose: Cinobufotalin injection has obvious curative effects on liver cancer patients with less toxicity and fewer side effects than other therapeutic approaches. However, the core ingredients and mechanism underlying these anti-liver cancer effects have not been fully clarified due to its complex composition.

Methods: Multidimensional network analysis was used to screen the core ingredients, key targets and pathways underlying the therapeutic effects of cinobufotalin injection on liver cancer, and and experiments were performed to confirm the findings.

Berberine-mediated Ferroptosis through System Xc/GSH/GPX4 Axis Inhibits Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that is highly prevalent in Southeast China, and its metastasis remains an unresolved clinical problem. Ferroptosis, a type of nonapoptotic cell death, is a critical pathway in tumor metastasis. Berberine (BBR), a plant alkaloid, has been explored as a potential anti-NPC metastatic agent; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown.

Deciphering the vital roles and mechanism of m5C modification on RNA in cancers.

5-methylcytosine (m5C modification) plays an essential role in tumors, which affects different types of RNA, the expression of downstream target genes, and downstream pathways, thus participating in the tumor process. However, the effect of m5C modification on RNA in tumors and the exact mechanism have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, we reviewed the status and sites of m5C modification, as well as the expression pattern and biological functions of m5C regulators in tumors, and further summarized the effects and regulation mechanism of m5C modification on messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and other RNA in tumors.

NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 is a potential pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is related to immunity.

Background: NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2), an important methyltransferase of m5C, has been poorly studied in cancers, and the relationship between NSUN2 and immunity remains largely unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the expression and prognostic value of NSUN2 and the role of NSUN2 in immunity in cancers.

Methods: The TIMER, CPTAC and other databases were used to analyze the expression of NSUN2, its correlation with clinical stage and its prognostic value across cancers.

Yin Yang 1 suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by negatively regulating eIF4E transcriptional activity and expression.

Tumor metastasis is a leading cause of death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Previous research has identified that transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) acts as a tumor suppressor that inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in NPC; however, the role and the molecular mechanisms of YY1 in NPC invasion and metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that YY1 could inhibit the migration and invasion of NPC cells in vitro as well as NPC xenograft tumor metastasis in vivo.

Circadian gene ARNTL initiates circGUCY1A2 transcription to suppress non-small cell lung cancer progression via miR-200c-3p/PTEN signaling.

Background: As a subclass of endogenous stable noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs are beginning to be appreciated for their potential as tumor therapeutics. However, the functions and mechanisms by which circRNAs exert protective functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain largely elusive.

Methods: The prognostic role of circGUCY1A2 was explored in lung adenocarcinoma specimens.

Research progress on the correlation between platelet aggregation and tumor progression.

Platelets are generally considered as the main functional unit of the coagulation system. However, more and more studies have confirmed that platelets also have an important relationship with tumor progression. Tumor cells can utilize platelets to promote their own infiltration and hematogenous metastasis, and platelets are activated and aggregated in this process.

Dissecting the roles and clinical potential of YY1 in the tumor microenvironment.

Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is a member of the GLI-Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins and plays a vital dual biological role in cancer as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor during tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is identified as the "soil" of tumor that has a critical role in both tumor growth and metastasis. Many studies have found that YY1 is closely related to the remodeling and regulation of the TME.

Understanding the roles and regulation patterns of circRNA on its host gene in tumorigenesis and tumor progression.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which are covalently closed loop structures formed by precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) through back-splicing. CircRNAs are abnormally expressed in many tumors, and play critical roles in a variety of tumors as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes by sponging miRNAs, regulating alternative splicing and transcription, cis-regulating host genes, interacting with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) or encoding polypeptides. Among them, the regulation of circRNAs on their corresponding host genes is a critical way for circRNAs to exit their functions.

tRNA Modifications and Modifying Enzymes in Disease, the Potential Therapeutic Targets.

tRNA is one of the most conserved and abundant RNA species, which plays a key role during protein translation. tRNA molecules are post-transcriptionally modified by tRNA modifying enzymes. Since high-throughput sequencing technology has developed rapidly, tRNA modification types have been discovered in many research fields.

BRD7 inhibits enhancer activity and expression of BIRC2 to suppress tumor growth and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BRD7 functions as a crucial tumor suppressor in numerous malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, its function and exact mechanisms involved in tumor progression are not well understood. Here, we found that the B7BS was a potential enhancer region of BIRC2, and BRD7 negatively regulated the transcriptional activity and expression of BIRC2 by targeting the activation of the BIRC2 enhancer.

Integrated analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the interaction of PKP1 and tumor-infiltrating B cells and their therapeutic potential for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Immunotherapy is an individualized therapeutic strategy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, few molecular targets are clinically satisfactory. This work aimed to integrate bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data to identify novel biomarkers involved in NPC.

Comparison of surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation for stages I and II elderly hepatocellular carcinoma patients (≥ 65 years): A SEER population-based propensity score matching's study.

Objectives: The treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial and limited in elderly patients. Therefore, we aimed to explore treatment choices for the elderly patients (≥ 65years) following surgical resection (SR) versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with HCC (single lesion less than 5 cm).

Methods: We used SEER database to identify HCC patients who received treatment of SR/RFA.

A novel oncogenic seRNA promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant cancer in southern China that has highly invasive and metastatic features and causes high mortality, but the underlying mechanisms of this malignancy remain unclear. In this study, we utilized ChIP-Seq to identify metastasis-specific super enhancers (SEs) and found that the SE of LOC100506178 existed only in metastatic NPC cells and powerfully aggravated NPC metastasis. This metastatic SE transcribed into lncRNA LOC100506178, and it was verified as a seRNA through GRO-Seq.

Identification and Validation of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer: Implications for Immunotherapy.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) has emerged as one of the most important modifications of RNA. Based on the expression of 23 different modes of mA regulatory factors, we identified three different mA modification patterns in bladder cancer. The effects of the three different modes of mA modification on clinicopathological characteristics, immune cell infiltration levels and expression levels of immune checkpoint genes were comprehensively analyzed.