SWAT model application for calculating ecological flow in sub-basins of the Huangshui River Basin.

Ecological flow denotes the minimum volume of water required to sustain the integrity and health of watershed ecosystems, ensuring their stability and functioning over time. However, research on estimating ecological flow at the sub-basin level and developing strategies for ecological water replenishment is still limited. The study begins by utilizing measured runoff data from 1952 to 2020.

How is the medical service efficiency in China? An empirical analysis using stochastic frontier approach and gravity models.

The COVID-19 has heightened the focus of medical services. Scientifically evaluating the efficiency of medical services and defining their spatial transmission relationship is crucial for the rational allocation of health resources and the accomplishment of balanced regional medical service growth. We used a Stochastic Frontier Model to calculate medical service performance in Chinese provinces and the Gravity Model to study the spatial relationship of medical service performance across provinces using data from 2009 to 2018.