Genetically engineered distal airway stem cell transplantation protects mice from pulmonary infection.

Severe pulmonary infection is a major threat to human health accompanied by substantial medical costs, prolonged inpatient requirements, and high mortality rates. New antimicrobial therapeutic strategies are urgently required to address the emergence of antibiotic resistance and persistent bacterial infections. In this study, we show that the constitutive expression of a native antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in transgenic mice aids in clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1), a major pathogen of clinical pulmonary infection.

Overexpression of transcription factor EB regulates mitochondrial autophagy to protect lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by an acute inflammatory process, and oxidative stress in the lung tissue leads to a lack of effective therapeutics. This study aimed to identify whether the overexpression of transcription factor EB (TFEB) regulates mitophagy to protect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI.

Methods: We detected the expression of inflammatory factors, cytochrome c (Cyt.

Management of Persistent Air Leaks Using Endobronchial Autologous Blood Patch and Spigot Occlusion: A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial in China.

Background: Optimal management of persistent air leaks (PALs) in patients with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP) remains controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endobronchial autologous blood plus thrombin patch (ABP) and bronchial occlusion using silicone spigots (BOS) in patients with SSP accompanied by alveolar-pleural fistula (APF) and PALs.

Methods: This prospective multicentre randomized controlled trial compared chest tube-attached water-seal drainage (CTD), ABP, and BOS that were performed between February 2015 and June 2017 in one of six tertiary care hospitals in China.

Seawater inhalation induces acute lung injury via ROS generation and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.

Seawater (SW) inhalation can induce acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the present study, SW induced apoptosis of rat alveolar epithelial cells and histopathological alterations to lung tissue. Furthermore, SW administration increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas pretreatment with the ROS scavenger, N‑acetyl‑L‑cysteine (NAC), significantly decreased ROS generation, apoptosis and histopathological alterations.

Effects of para-toluenesulfonamide intratumoral injection on non-small cell lung carcinoma with severe central airway obstruction: A multi-center, non-randomized, single-arm, open-label trial.

Background: Severe malignant airway obstruction (SMAO) is a life-threatening form of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) intratumoral injection in NSCLC-SMAO.

Methods: Ninety patients with NSCLC-SAO received repeated courses of PTS intratumoral injection until tumor sizes had reduced by 50% or greater.

Novel bronchoscopic balloon dilation for patients with bronchostenosis caused by bronchial tuberculosis: a case report.

Introduction: Bronchoscopic balloon dilation is a common method in the treatment of bronchostenosis but it is not an effective treatment due to its short dilating time (3 minutes) and low pressure (<3atm). Until recently, the reported highest dilating pressure was ≤6atm; however, this is not enough pressure to dilate a bronchostenosis because of the resistance of the bronchus. We hypothesized that higher dilating pressure (up to 14atm) with longer dilating time (40 minutes) may make bronchoscopic balloon dilation treatment more effective according to the blood vessel dilating method.

Participation of autophagy in acute lung injury induced by seawater.

Seawater drowning can lead to acute lung injury (ALI). However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. The overall aim of this study is to clarify the role of autophagy in seawater-induced ALI, by which we can further understand the molecular mechanism and develop new methods for prevention and treatment of seawater-induced ALI.

Therapeutic effects of sequential therapy by electric coagulation, cryotherapy and balloon dilation with an electronic video bronchoscope.

The aim of the current study was to retrospectively analyze clinical data concerning bronchostenosis or bronchial obstruction caused by endobronchial tuberculosis. Fifty-six cases were subjected to bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography to assess the prognosis of bronchostenosis and bronchial obstruction. Based on reliable and effective anti-pulmonary tuberculosis therapy, these conditions were treated sequentially by electric coagulation, cryotherapy and balloon dilation with an electronic video bronchoscope during outpatient consultation or inpatient hospitalization.

Osthole improves acute lung injury in mice by up-regulating Nrf-2/thioredoxin 1.

Inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been viewed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). Osthole, an active component in Chinese herbal medicine, has drawn increasing attention because of its various pharmacological functions, including anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of osthole on ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through intratracheal instillation.

Antiinflammatory effects of matrine in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.

Matrine is one of the main active components of Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait (Kushen), which has been demonstrated to be effective in suppressing inflammation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of matrine on LPS-induced lung injury. Lung injury was assessed by histological study and wet to dry weight ratios, as well as cell count and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Sodium tanshinone iia sulfonate attenuates seawater aspiration-induced acute pulmonary edema by up-regulating Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity.

Relieving pulmonary edema is the key of a successful treatment to seawater drowning. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) has been observed to reduce lung edema from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. In this study the authors investigated whether STS attenuates seawater aspiration-induced acute pulmonary edema, and examined the effects of sodium-potassium adensosine triphosphatase (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase) on it.

Tanshinone IIA attenuates seawater aspiration-induced lung injury by inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor.

Inflammation takes responsibility for the seawater aspiration-induced lung injury. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) can protect lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice through the inhibition of inflammation, but it is not reported whether TIIA have a protective effect on lung injury induced by seawater aspiration. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays an important role in acute lung injury.

Tanshinone IIA suppresses lung injury and apoptosis, and modulates protein kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathways in rats challenged with seawater exposure.

1. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the main active components of the Chinese herb, Danshen. In the present study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in seawater exposure-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and explored the effects of TIIA on lung injury, apoptosis, and protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathways in seawater-challenged rats.

[Effect of sulfonic tanshinone sodium injection on the expression and activity of aquaporin-5 of human alveolar epithelial cells after seawater exposure].

Objective: To explore the effects of tanshinone IIA on the activity of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) after seawater exposure and its possible mechanism.

Methods: Routinely cultured A549 cells were divided into different groups according to different content of seawater: blank control group, 15%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% seawater groups; they were divided into different groups according to the duration of exposure to 25% seawater: blank control group, 1, 4, 8 hours groups; they were also divided into different groups according to concentration of tanshinone IIA and exposed to seawater for 4 hours: blank control group, 25% seawater group, 25, 50, 75, 100 μg/ml tanshinone IIA intervention groups. The expressions of AQP5 were respectively assayed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Overexpression of STAT3 potentiates growth, survival, and radioresistance of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Objective: Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. The overexpression of STAT3 has been found in various malignancies including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to explore the correlation between overexpression of STAT3 gene and growth, survival, and radiosensitivity of NSCLC cells.

[The application of combined interventional procedures for the management of intractable central airway stenosis].

Objective: to evaluate the application of combined five interventional procedures in the management of intractable central airway stenosis.

Methods: clinical manifestations and pulmonary functions of 138 patients with intractable central airway stenosis were evaluated. Five interventional procedures, including high-frequency electrotome, argon plasma coagulation (APC), cryotherapy, stent placement and high-pressure balloon dilatation, were used in this study.

[Joint application of 7 interventional pulmonology methods in early diagnosis of lung cancer].

Objective: To evaluate the combination of 7 interventional pulmonology methods in early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 467 patients with thoracic and pulmonary lesions (include hilum pulmonis lymphadenectasis, mediastinal lymphadenectasis, pulmonary scobination, lump, lamellar infiltration, small amount of pleural fluid and pleural scobination) had negative results via exfoliative cytology, bacteriology and routine bronchoscopy. All these patients had ultrathin bronchoscopy with biopsy and brushing.

[Efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of obstructive tracheobronchial stenosis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of large airway obstruction.

Methods: Totally 389 patients with treacheobronchial stenosis were treated with APC (ARCO3000 type) by bronchoscopy. The stenoses were caused by carcinomas (203 cases, 52.

[Effects of 7-nitroindazole on smoke inhalation pulmonary injury].

Objective: To investigate the effects of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) on smoke inhalation pulmonary injury in rats.

Methods: Forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=8), smoke inhalation model group (n=16) and 7-NI treatment group (n=16). After reproducing the smoke inhalation model, to the 7-NI treatment group rats 7-NI (20 mg/kg in 2 ml arachis oil) was administered by intraperitoneal injection, while in the control group and the model group, 2 ml arachis oil was administered by intraperitoneal injection.