Identification of Amino Acids in Trm734 Required for 2'--Methylation of the tRNA Wobble Residue.

All organisms methylate their nucleic acids, and this methylation is critical for proper gene expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. For proper translation in eukaryotes, 2'--methylation of C (Cm) and G (Gm) in the anticodon loop of tRNA is critical, with defects in these modifications associated with human disease. In yeast, Cm is formed by an enzyme that consists of the methyltransferase Trm7 in complex with the auxiliary protein Trm732, and Gm is formed by an enzyme that consists of Trm7 in complex with Trm734.

Phase Segregation Mechanisms in Mixed-Halide CsPb(BrI) Nanocrystals in Dependence of Their Sizes and Their Initial [Br]:[I] Ratios.

Phase segregation in inorganic CsPb(BrI) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibiting originally a homogeneous [Br]:[I] mixture was investigated by means of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and evaluated by using multivariate analyses. The colloidal synthesis of the NPs offers good control of the halide ratios on the nanoscale. The spatially resolved TEM investigations were correlated with integral photoluminescence measurements.

Identification of a Trm732 Motif Required for 2'--methylation of the tRNA Anticodon Loop by Trm7.

Posttranscriptional tRNA modifications are essential for proper gene expression, and defects in the enzymes that perform tRNA modifications are associated with numerous human disorders. Throughout eukaryotes, 2'--methylation of residues 32 and 34 of the anticodon loop of tRNA is important for proper translation, and in humans, a lack of these modifications results in non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. In yeast, the methyltransferase Trm7 forms a complex with Trm732 to 2'--methylate tRNA residue 32 and with Trm734 to 2'--methylate tRNA residue 34.

Transition to Parenthood: Antenatal Education Promotes Perinatal Mental Health When Collaboratively Delivered by Midwives, Mental Health Peer Workers and Perinatal and Infant Mental Health Professionals.

Transition to Parenthood is a two-session (antenatal and postnatal) module for inclusion in a birth and parenting education course, designed to proactively support perinatal and infant mental health. In this pilot study, 299 mothers and 241 fathers/partners participated in the whole module, with 35 mothers completing pre- and post-program measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and parenting confidence. Statistically significant improvements were found on all four measures with high effect sizes.

Weak localization and weak antilocalization in doped Ge Sn layers with up to 8% Sn.

Low-temperature magnetoresistance measurements of n- and p-doped germanium-tin (Ge Sn ) layers with Sn concentrations up to 8% show contributions arising from effects of weak localization for n-type and weak antilocalization for p-type doped samples independent of the Sn concentration. Calculations of the magnetoresistance using the Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka model for two-dimensional transport allow us to extract the phase-coherence length for all samples as well as the spin-orbit length for the p-type doped samples. For pure Ge, we find phase-coherence lengths as long as (349.

Identification of the enzymes responsible for m2,2G and acp3U formation on cytosolic tRNA from insects and plants.

Posttranscriptional modification of tRNA is critical for efficient protein translation and proper cell growth, and defects in tRNA modifications are often associated with human disease. Although most of the enzymes required for eukaryotic tRNA modifications are known, many of these enzymes have not been identified and characterized in several model multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present two related approaches to identify the genes required for tRNA modifications in multicellular organisms using primer extension assays with fluorescent oligonucleotides.

In Situ TEM Monitoring of Phase-Segregation in Inorganic Mixed Halide Perovskite.

Photoinduced phase separation, which limits the available band gap energies for photovoltaic applications, was reported for a range of mixed-halide perovskites. A microscopic understanding of the phase separation mechanism is still lacking but may be beneficial to rationalize limitations as well as enable the design of phase-stable perovskite semiconductors. In this letter, electron-beam-induced phase separations and transformations were investigated in a small crystallite of CsPb(BrI) by means of in situ high-resolution imaging in a transmission electron microscope.

Basic life support training using shared mental models improves team performance of first responders on normal wards: A randomised controlled simulation trial.

Introduction: Survival of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) depends on fast and effective action of the first responding team. Not only technical skills, but professional teamwork is required. Observational studies and theoretical models suggest that shared mental models of members improve teamwork.

The chloroplast genome of Pellia endiviifolia: gene content, RNA-editing pattern, and the origin of chloroplast editing.

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that can act upon transcripts from mitochondrial, nuclear, and chloroplast genomes. In chloroplasts, single-nucleotide conversions in mRNAs via RNA editing occur at different frequencies across the plant kingdom. These range from several hundred edited sites in some mosses and ferns to lower frequencies in seed plants and the complete lack of RNA editing in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha.

Interleukin-6 receptor enhances early colonization of the murine omentum by upregulation of a mannose family receptor, LY75, in ovarian tumor cells.

One of the earliest metastatic events in human ovarian cancer, tumor spread to the omentum, may be influenced by expression of interleukin 6 (IL6) and its cognate receptor (IL6Rα). Previous reports have shown that IL6 and IL6Rα expression is elevated in the serum and ascites of patients with ovarian cancer and that this can influence in vitro processes such as cell survival, proliferation and migration. In this study, overexpression of IL6Rα, and to a lesser extent IL6, enhanced tumor growth on the omentum.

The syntaxin 4 N terminus regulates its basolateral targeting by munc18c-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

To generate and maintain epithelial cell polarity, specific sorting of proteins into vesicles destined for the apical and basolateral domain is required. Syntaxin 3 and 4 are apical and basolateral SNARE proteins important for the specificity of vesicle fusion at the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains, respectively, but how these proteins are specifically targeted to these domains themselves is unclear. Munc18/SM proteins are potential regulators of this process.

Differences in wound healing in mice with deficiency of IL-6 versus IL-6 receptor.

IL-6 modulates immune responses and is essential for timely wound healing. As the functions mediated by IL-6 require binding to its specific receptor, IL-6Ralpha, it was expected that mice lacking IL-6Ralpha would have the same phenotype as IL-6-deficient mice. However, although IL-6Ralpha-deficient mice share many of the inflammatory deficits seen in IL-6-deficient mice, they do not display the delay in wound healing.

Expression of soluble interleukin-6 receptor in malignant ovarian tissue.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) isoforms and sheddases in the ovarian tumor microenvironment.

Study Design: Expression of IL6R and sheddases was measured in tissue samples of papillary serous ovarian carcinomas and benign ovaries by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Murine xenograft samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to discriminate and evaluate tumor and host contributions of IL6R.

In vitro metastatic colonization of human ovarian cancer cells to the omentum.

Despite the potentially crucial contributions of the omentum in the regulation of ovarian cancer metastatic growth, it remains a poorly understood organ. Due to its anatomic location and structural fragility, the omentum presents inherent challenges to mechanism-based in vivo studies. Thus, the availability of an ex vivo omental model would, in part, address some of these difficulties posed.

Functional characterization of the thylakoid Ndh complex phosphorylation by site-directed mutations in the ndhF gene.

To investigate the phosphorylation of the NDH-F subunit of the thylakoid Ndh complex, we constructed three site-directed mutant transgenic tobaccos (Nicotiana tabacum) (T181A, T181S and T181D) in which the (541)ACT(543) triplet encoding the Thr-181 has been substituted by GCT, TCT or GAT encoding alanine, serine and aspartic acid, respectively. Western blots with phospho-threonine antibody detected the 73 kD NDH-F phosphorylated polypeptide in control but not in mutant tobaccos. Differences in Ndh activity, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthesis among mutants and control plant demonstrate the key role of the phosphorylation of conserved Thr-181 in the activity and function of the Ndh complex.

Toll-like receptor expression in normal ovary and ovarian tumors.

Recent studies have implicated inflammation in the initiation and progression of ovarian cancer, though the mechanisms underlying this effect are still not clear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) allow immune cells to recognize pathogens and to trigger inflammatory responses. Tumor cell expression of TLRs can promote inflammation and cell survival in the tumor microenvironment.

RNA editing: only eleven sites are present in the Physcomitrella patens mitochondrial transcriptome and a universal nomenclature proposal.

RNA editing in mitochondria and chloroplasts of land plants alters the coding content of transcripts through site-specific exchanges of cytidines into uridines and vice versa. The abundance of RNA editing in model plant species such as rice or Arabidopsis with some 500 affected sites in their organelle transcripts hinders straightforward approaches to elucidate its mechanisms. The moss Physcomitrella patens is increasingly being appreciated as an alternative plant model system, enhanced by the recent availability of its complete chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genome sequences.

Complex chloroplast RNA metabolism: just debugging the genetic programme?

Background: The gene expression system of chloroplasts is far more complex than that of their cyanobacterial progenitor. This gain in complexity affects in particular RNA metabolism, specifically the transcription and maturation of RNA. Mature chloroplast RNA is generated by a plethora of nuclear-encoded proteins acquired or recruited during plant evolution, comprising additional RNA polymerases and sigma factors, and sequence-specific RNA maturation factors promoting RNA splicing, editing, end formation and translatability.

Complete DNA sequences of the plastid genomes of two parasitic flowering plant species, Cuscuta reflexa and Cuscuta gronovii.

Background: The holoparasitic plant genus Cuscuta comprises species with photosynthetic capacity and functional chloroplasts as well as achlorophyllous and intermediate forms with restricted photosynthetic activity and degenerated chloroplasts. Previous data indicated significant differences with respect to the plastid genome coding capacity in different Cuscuta species that could correlate with their photosynthetic activity. In order to shed light on the molecular changes accompanying the parasitic lifestyle, we sequenced the plastid chromosomes of the two species Cuscuta reflexa and Cuscuta gronovii.

Editing of plastid RNA in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes.

Post-transcriptional maturation of plastid-encoded mRNAs from land plants includes editing by making cytidine to uridine alterations at highly specific positions; this usually restores codon identities for conserved amino acids that are important for the proper function of the affected proteins. In contrast to the rather constant number of editing sites their location varies greatly, even between closely related taxa. Here, we experimentally determined the specific pattern of editing sites (the editotype) of the plastid genome of Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0).

The fate of the dorsal metacarpal arterial system following thermal injury to the dorsal hand: A Doppler sonographic study.

Hands are involved in over 70% of all serious burns. This study comprised 80 hands in 41 patients with burns of the dorsum of the hand. Eighty percent of the hands in our study had deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns that had to be grafted.

[Operational costs and control of performance in surgical clinics between marketing and planning economics. Risk or perhaps quadrature of the circle].

Surgical hospitals can be seen as operational or even industrial production systems. Doctors have a major impact on both medical performance and costs. For active participation in the management process, knowledge of industrial controlling mechanisms is required.

[Managed care--an example for future structural developments in health care. Reflections on a informational visit on direction and administration of medical centers in east USA].

While the different national health systems merge structurally, cost expansion in health care is a global challenge. Structural reforms have been developed during recent years in the USA which can be summarized as "managed care". They are characterized by the evolution of an economically orientated system, in which units of medical therapy are generally handled like conventional economically goods.