Dynamic ultrasound evaluation of body fillers and biostimulators in the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen.

Background: Ultrasound imaging is a useful tool to study the injection of fillers and biostimulators in the body.

Objective: Sonographically evaluate real-time injections of fillers and biostimulators and describe their behavior in the subcutaneous tissue of the buttocks of fresh-frozen specimen.

Methods: injection of two brands of high-density hyaluronic acid (HA), one brand of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA), one brand of hybrid injectable (CaHa + HA), one brand of polycaprolactone (PCL) and three brands of poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) were performed in the subcutaneous tissue of the gluteal region under ultrasonography visualization on a fresh-frozen specimen.

DOES SLC11A2 GENE MUTATION ASSOCIATE WITH IRON-REFRACTORY IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY?

Aim: After bariatric surgery, if there is iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA) and does not respond to supplemental iron therapy, excluding other possible etiologies, genetic changes involved in iron metabolism should be considered. This study aimed to investigate the association of both mutations 1285G-C and 1246C-T, in the SLC11A2 gene, and the etiopathogenesis of anemia refractory to iron supplementation in patients undergoing bariatric surgery using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted, in which 100 patients were evaluated as Cases Group [subdivided into (i) with Anemia and (ii) without Anemia] and 100 individuals as Controls, comprising both sexes.

The purine analogues abacavir and didanosine increase acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: NRTIs are essential components of HIV therapy with well-documented, long-term mitochondrial toxicity in hepatic cells, but whose acute effects on mitochondria are unclear. As acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity also involves mitochondrial interference, we hypothesized that it would be exacerbated in the context of ART.

Methods: We evaluated the acute effects of clinically relevant concentrations of the most widely used NRTIs, alone or combined with acetaminophen, on mitochondrial function and cellular viability.

Efavirenz alters mitochondrial respiratory function in cultured neuron and glial cell lines.

Background: The NNRTI efavirenz is among the most widely employed antiretroviral drugs. Although it is considered safe, efavirenz has been linked with several adverse effects including neurological manifestations, which appear in the majority of the patients on efavirenz-containing regimens. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these manifestations are not understood, but mounting evidence points to altered brain bioenergetics.

Clinical and therapeutic correlations in patients with slight acute pancreatitis.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas due to enzymatic autodigestion which can cause necrosis or multiple organ failure; its pathophysiology is not fully known yet.

Aim: To evaluate the correlation between clinical and therapeutic data in patients with mild acute pancreatitis.

Methods: A retrospective study in 55 medical records of patients admitted with acute mild pancreatitis was realized to analyze the association between age, leukocytosis, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, antibiotics, time admission and Ranson's scores.

Involvement of nitric oxide in the mitochondrial action of efavirenz: a differential effect on neurons and glial cells.

The anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug efavirenz (EFV) alters mitochondrial function in cultured neurons and glial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with HIV central nervous system symptoms. We show that EFV promotes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in cultured glial cells and generated NO undermines their mitochondrial function, as inhibition of NOS partially reverses this effect.

Mitochondrial (dys)function - a factor underlying the variability of efavirenz-induced hepatotoxicity?

Background And Purpose: The non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is associated with hepatic toxicity and metabolic disturbances. Although the mechanisms involved are not clear, recent evidence has pinpointed a specific mitochondrial action of efavirenz accompanied by the induction of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response in human hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to further investigate the involvement of this organelle by evaluating efavirenz's effects in cells lacking functional mitochondria (rho°) and comparing them with those of the typical mitotoxic agent rotenone, a standard complex I inhibitor, and the ER stress inducer thapsigargin.

Lack of mitochondrial toxicity of darunavir, raltegravir and rilpivirine in neurons and hepatocytes: a comparison with efavirenz.

Objectives: Growing evidence associates the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz with several adverse events. Newer antiretrovirals, such as the integrase inhibitor raltegravir, the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine and the protease inhibitor darunavir, claim to have a better toxicological profile than efavirenz while producing similar levels of efficacy and virological suppression. The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro toxicological profile of these three new antiretrovirals by evaluating their effects on the mitochondrial and cellular parameters altered by efavirenz in hepatocytes and neurons.

Neuronal bioenergetics and acute mitochondrial dysfunction: a clue to understanding the central nervous system side effects of efavirenz.

Background: Neurological pathogenesis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and differences in neuronal/glial handling of oxygen and glucose. The main side effects attributed to efavirenz involve the CNS, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.

Methods: Human cell lines and rat primary cultures of neurons and astrocytes were treated with clinically relevant efavirenz concentration.

ER stress in human hepatic cells treated with Efavirenz: mitochondria again.

Background & Aims: ER stress is associated with a growing number of liver diseases, including drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor Efavirenz, a cornerstone of the multidrug strategy employed to treat HIV1 infection, has been related to the development of various adverse events, including metabolic disturbances and hepatic toxicity, the mechanisms of which remain elusive. Recent evidence has pinpointed a specific mitochondrial effect of Efavirenz in human hepatic cells.

Effect of release rate and enantiomeric composition on response to pheromones of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) in poplar plantations of Argentina and Italy.

Megaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus sulcatus Chapuis) is an Ambrosia beetle native to South America, which was recently introduced in Italy and its presence there is causing severe damage to the local poplar plantations. The male M. mutatus pheromone is composed of (S)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol [(+)-sulcatol], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) and 3-pentanol.

[Echoendoscopy in digestive subepithelial lesions: review of the literature].

Injury or bulging subepithelial mucosal lesions are covered with normal mucosa, usually asymptomatic. Most are diagnosed in radiology or endoscopy, which may correspond to any layer of the body wall (intramural) or non-belonging to the wall (extramural). This article describes studies for analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) as a diagnostic method with high accuracy on the finding of subepithelial lesion.

Comparison of three types of traps baited with sexual pheromones for ambrosia beetle Megaplatypus mutatus (Coleoptera: Platypodinae) in poplar plantations.

Megaplatypus mutatus (Coleoptera: Platypodinae) is an ambrosia beetle native to South America that only attacks standing live trees and is a serious problem for commercial poplar (Populus L.; Salicaceae) plantations in Argentina. The development of traps baited with synthetic pheromones that can be used for monitoring M.