Association of endovascular thrombectomy volume and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: A National Inpatient Sample Study.

Background: Previous studies suggest a positive relationship between higher hospital endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) volume and improved outcomes. We investigated this association using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2016 to 2020.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the NIS examined the relationship between hospital EVT volume and outcomes.

Differential Immunological Responses of Adult Domestic and Bighorn Sheep to Inoculation with Type Strain Y98.

Bighorn sheep (BHS) populations have been reported to experience high levels of morbidity and mortality following infection with . This contrasts with the subclinical presentation in domestic sheep (DS). Understanding this difference requires baseline knowledge of pre- and post-infection immune responses of both species.

Historical datasets (1950-2022) of monthly water balance components for the Laurentian Great Lakes.

This study develops a 73-year dataset of water balance components from 1950 to 2022 for the Laurentian Great Lakes Basins. This is carried out using the Large Lakes Statistical Water Balance Model (L2SWBM), which provides a Bayesian statistical framework that assimilates binational input datasets sourced from the United States and Canada. The L2SWBM infers feasible water balance component estimates through this Bayesian framework by constraining the output with a standard water balance equation.

HIF-α signaling regulates the macrophage inflammatory response during infection.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) contributes significantly to the global burden of neglected tropical diseases, with 12 million people currently infected with parasites. CL encompasses a range of disease manifestations, from self-healing skin lesions to permanent disfigurations. Currently there is no vaccine available, and many patients are refractory to treatment, emphasizing the need for new therapeutic targets.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation shows disquaramide compounds are a promising class of anti-leishmanial drugs.

An increasing number of treatment failures with current pharmaceutics, as well as a lack of a vaccine, demonstrates the need to develop new treatment options for leishmaniasis. Herein, we describe the synthesis and in vitro analysis of 24 disquaramide compounds targeting the parasite. Of the compounds that were evaluated, six of them ( , , , , , and ) were capable of significantly decreasing the number of parasites by up to 42% compared to the control by day four.

Enhanced translational activity is linked to lymphatic endothelial cell activation in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant public health problem leading to permanently disfiguring skin lesions caused by parasites. Lesion severity stems from an excessive host inflammatory response that prevents healing. Here, we characterized the transcriptional and translational responses of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) during murine CL using historical single-cell RNA sequencing data combined with flow cytometry and in vivo puromycin incorporation to assess translational activity.

Vaccination of cattle with a virus vector vaccine against a major membrane protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis elicits CD8 cytotoxic T cells that kill intracellular bacteria.

Analysis of the recall response ex vivo in cattle vaccinated with a Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) rel deletion mutant revealed the immune response was directed toward a 35 kD major membrane protein (MMP) of Map. Antigen presenting cells (APC) primed with MMP elicited expansion of CD8 cytotoxic memory T cells (CTL) with ability to kill intracellular bacteria.

Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against the US isolate of Ikeda genotype in sub-clinically infected cattle.

Introduction: , an economically significant tick-borne hemoparasite, infects cattle globally. The Ikeda genotype, transmitted by ticks, is associated with clinical manifestations characterized by anemia, abortions, and mortality, although subclinical infections prevail. Despite the common occurrence of subclinical infections, therapeutic interventions targeting Ikeda in such cases are currently lacking, impeding effective parasite control measures.

Transient efficacy of buparvaquone against Theileria haneyi in chronically infected horses.

Background: Theileria haneyi is one of the three known causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. While imidocarb is generally effective in the clearance of the highly pathogenic Theileria equi, it is ineffective in the treatment of T. haneyi.

Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in horses experimentally infected with merozoites is associated with antibody production but not modulation of pro-inflammatory responses.

() is an apicomplexan parasite that causes severe hemolytic anemia in equids. Presently, there is inadequate knowledge of the immune responses induced by in equid hosts impeding understanding of the host parasite relationship and development of potent vaccines for control of infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the host-parasite dynamics between merozoites and infected horses by assessing cytokine expression during primary and secondary parasite exposure, and to determine whether the pattern of expression correlated with clinical indicators of disease.

The impact of historical redlining on neurosurgeon distribution and reimbursement in modern neighborhoods.

Background: This study examines the lasting impact of historical redlining on contemporary neurosurgical care access, highlighting the need for equitable healthcare in historically marginalized communities.

Objective: To investigate how redlining affects neurosurgeon distribution and reimbursement in U.S.

Race and socioeconomic disparities persist in treatment and outcomes of patients with cervical spinal cord injuries: An analysis of the national inpatient sample from 2016 - 2020.

Objective: Previous literature has described race and socioeconomic disparities in both treatment and outcomes following cervical spinal cord injuries (SCI). The goal of this study is to investigate the current state of parity in management and outcomes following SCI.

Methods: We surveyed the National Inpatient Sample database (NIS) for patients admitted with primary diagnosis of cervical SCI.

Effect of Heat Acclimatization, Heat Acclimation, and Intermittent Heat Training on Maximal Oxygen Uptake.

Background: Maximal oxygen uptake (VO) is an important determinant of endurance performance. Heat acclimation/acclimatization (HA/HAz) elicits improvements in endurance performance. Upon heat exposure reduction, intermittent heat training (IHT) may alleviate HA/HAz adaptation decay; however, corresponding VO responses are unknown.

The Role of County-Level Persistent Poverty in Stroke Mortality in the USA.

Stroke is a major health concern in the USA, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. This study investigates the link between persistent poverty and stroke mortality rates in residents aged 65 and above, positing that sustained economic challenges at the county level correlate with an increase in stroke-related deaths. Persistent poverty refers to a long-term state where a significant portion of a population lives below the poverty threshold for an extended period, typically measured over several decades.

Aneurysm of the Artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger.

The Artery of Wollschlaeger and Wollschlaeger (AWW) is a non-eloquent, tentorial branch of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA). Coursing posteriorly from an intradural origin, the AWW passes through the ambient cistern and supplies the medial tentorium. Due to its small diameter, the AWW is often only identified in the context of secondary dilation from pathologies such as dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVF).

The relationship between performance validity testing, external incentives, and cognitive functioning in long COVID.

Introduction: Performance validity test (PVT) failures occur in clinical practice and at higher rates with external incentives. However, little PVT research has been applied to the Long COVID population. This study aims to address this gap.

Endovascular thrombectomy for posterior cerebral artery strokes in the national inpatient sample (EaT PeCANpIeS) study.

Background: Posterior cerebral arteries with acute ischemic strokes (PCA-AISs) comprise around 2% of all acute ischemic strokes and may result in significant long-term deficits. Current guidance regarding endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for PCA-AIS is insufficient as no published randomized trials exist.

Methods: An analysis of the National Inpatient Sample database compared medical management versus EVT for PCA-AIS.

Glasgow Coma Scale Motor Score Predicts Need for Tracheostomy After Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Many patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) require a tracheostomy after decompressive craniectomy. Determining which patients will require tracheostomy is often challenging. The existing methods for predicting which patients will require tracheostomy are more applicable to stroke and spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage.

Glycoprotein inhibitors as a first line rescue treatment after unsuccessful recanalization of endovascular thrombectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is a major cause of stroke with a high rate of re-occlusion following mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Among the available rescue options, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI) have shown promise as a potential therapeutic strategy. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine studies exploring the use of glycoprotein inhibitors as a first-line treatment for refractory occlusion or high-grade stenosis following EVT in the setting of ICAD.

Comment on Di Giosaffatte et al. A Novel Hypothesis on Choroideremia-Manifesting Female Carriers: Could In-Frame Variants Exert a Dominant Negative Effect? A Case Report. 2022, , 1268.

The recent publication of Di Giosaffatte et al. [..

Race and socioeconomic disparities in mortality and end-of-life care following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: This study explores racial and socioeconomic disparities in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) care, highlighting the impact on treatment and outcomes. The study aims to shed light on inequities and inform strategies for reducing disparities in healthcare delivery.

Methods: In this cohort study the National Inpatient Sample database was queried for patient admissions with ruptured aSAH from 2016 to 2020.

The gut microbiome and primary open angle glaucoma: Evidence for a 'gut-glaucoma' axis?

Glaucoma presents an epidemiological burden as the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally and the most common cause of preventable blindness. While elevated intraocular pressure is the strongest modifiable risk factor, the exact mechanisms of retinal ganglion cell damage leading to progressive vision loss are not entirely understood. Studies of other neurodegenerative diseases show a potential for human gut microbiome dysbiosis to play a pathogenic role.