Microscopy and spatial-metabolomics identify tissue-specific metabolic pathways uncovering salinity and drought tolerance mechanisms in Avicennia marina and Phoenix dactylifera roots.

In arid and semi-arid climates, native plants have developed unique strategies to survive challenging conditions. These adaptations often rely on molecular pathways that shape plant architecture to enhance their resilience. Date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) and mangroves (Avicennia marina) endure extreme heat and high salinity, yet the metabolic pathways underlying this resilience remain underexplored.

Understanding the parental journey: Exploring experiences, needs, and perceptions during hospitalization for children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: The onset of childhood diabetes necessitates that the child and family quickly must learn numerous self-management tasks. Diabetes education is key to successful self-management, and established diabetes-related habits are known to be difficult to change. Hence, the initial hospital-based diabetes education and support is a distinct opportunity to optimize habits and disease management.

Patient experiences of diabetes and hypertension care during an evolving humanitarian crisis in Lebanon: A qualitative study.

Humanitarian health care models increasingly incorporate care for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Current research evidence focuses on burden of disease, service provision and access to care, and less is known about patient's experience of the continuum of care in humanitarian settings. To address this gap, this study explored experiences of displaced Syrian and vulnerable Lebanese patients receiving care for hypertension and/or diabetes at four health facilities supported by humanitarian organisations in Lebanon.

Overlap in synaptic neurological condition susceptibility pathways and the neural pannexin 1 interactome revealed by bioinformatics analyses.

Many neurological conditions exhibit synaptic impairments, suggesting mechanistic convergence. Additionally, the pannexin 1 (PANX1) channel and signaling scaffold is linked to several of these neurological conditions and is an emerging regulator of synaptic development and plasticity; however, its synaptic pathogenic contributions are relatively unexplored. To this end, we explored connections between synaptic neurodevelopmental disorder and neurodegenerative disease susceptibility genes discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and the neural PANX1 interactome (483 proteins) identified from mouse Neuro2a (N2a) cells.

Essential role of CK2α for the interaction and stability of replication fork factors during DNA synthesis and activation of the S-phase checkpoint.

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR)-CHK1 pathway is the major signalling cascade activated in response to DNA replication stress. This pathway is associated with the core of the DNA replication machinery comprising CDC45, the replicative MCM2-7 hexamer, GINS (altogether forming the CMG complex), primase-polymerase (POLε, -α, and -δ) complex, and additional fork protection factors such as AND-1, CLASPIN (CLSPN), and TIMELESS/TIPIN. In this study, we report that functional protein kinase CK2α is critical for preserving replisome integrity and for mounting S-phase checkpoint signalling.

Tyrosine-sulfated dermatopontin shares multiple binding sites and recognition determinants on triple-helical collagens with proteins implicated in cell adhesion and collagen folding, fibrillogenesis, cross-linking, and degradation.

Dermatopontin (DPT), a small extracellular matrix protein that stimulates collagen fibrillogenesis, contains sulfotyrosine residues but neither its level of sulfation nor its binding sites on fibrillar collagens are known. Here, we discovered that DPT is present in a relatively high mass concentration (~ 0.02%) in porcine corneal stroma, from which we purified five DPT charge variants (A-E) containing up to six sulfations.

Rare disorders have many faces: in silico characterization of rare disorder spectrum.

Background: The diagnostic journey for many rare disease patients remains challenging despite use of latest genetic technological advancements. We hypothesize that some patients remain undiagnosed due to more complex diagnostic scenarios that are currently not considered in genome analysis pipelines. To better understand this, we characterized the rare disorder (RD) spectrum using various bioinformatics resources (e.

A Systematic, Open-Science Framework for Quantification of Cell-Types in Mouse Brain Sections Using Fluorescence Microscopy.

The ever-expanding availability and evolution of microscopy tools has enabled ground-breaking discoveries in neurobiology, particularly with respect to the analysis of cell-type density and distribution. Widespread implementation of many of the elegant image processing tools available continues to be impeded by the lack of complete workflows that span from experimental design, labeling techniques, and analysis workflows, to statistical methods and data presentation. Additionally, it is important to consider open science principles (e.

Driving mosaicism: somatic variants in reference population databases and effect on variant interpretation in rare genetic disease.

Background: Genetic variation databases provide invaluable information on the presence and frequency of genetic variants in the 'untargeted' human population, aggregated with the primary goal to facilitate the interpretation of clinically important variants. The presence of somatic variants in such databases can affect variant assessment in undiagnosed rare disease (RD) patients. Previously, the impact of somatic mosaicism was only considered in relation to two Mendelian disease-associated genes.

Against the Odds: A Structural Equation Analysis of Family Resilience Processes during Paternal Incarceration.

On any given day, approximately 2.1 million children in Europe have an incarcerated parent. Although research indicates that material hardship is associated with parental incarceration, and particularly paternal incarceration, little is known about family processes that may mitigate the harmful effects of such hardship on children with an incarcerated parent.

Models of care for patients with hypertension and diabetes in humanitarian crises: a systematic review.

Care for non-communicable diseases, including hypertension and diabetes (HTN/DM), is recognized as a growing challenge in humanitarian crises, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where most crises occur. There is little evidence to support humanitarian actors and governments in designing efficient, effective, and context-adapted models of care for HTN/DM in such settings. This article aimed to systematically review the evidence on models of care targeting people with HTN/DM affected by humanitarian crises in LMICs.

Identification of SRSF10 as a regulator of SMN2 ISS-N1.

Understanding the splicing code can be challenging as several splicing factors bind to many splicing-regulatory elements. The SMN1 and SMN2 silencer element ISS-N1 is the target of the antisense oligonucleotide drug, Spinraza, which is the treatment against spinal muscular atrophy. However, limited knowledge about the nature of the splicing factors that bind to ISS-N1 and inhibit splicing exists.

Transcriptome profiling revealed early vascular smooth muscle cell gene activation following focal ischemic stroke in female rats - comparisons with males.

Background: Women account for 60% of all stroke deaths and are more often permanently disabled than men, despite their higher observed stroke incidence. Considering the clinical population affected by stroke, an obvious drawback is that many pre-clinical and clinical studies only investigate young males. To improve therapeutic translation from bench to bedside, we believe that it is advantageous to include both sexes in experimental models of stroke.

Serotonin and Neuropeptides in Blood From Episodic and Chronic Migraine and Cluster Headache Patients in Case-Control and Case-Crossover Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SR-MA) was to identify signaling molecule profiles and blood-derived biomarkers in migraine and cluster headache (CH) patients.

Background: Currently no migraine and CH valid biomarkers are available. Blood tests based on biomarker profiles have been used to gather information about the nervous system.

Dietary patterns generated by the Treelet Transform and risk of stroke: a Danish cohort study.

Objective: To relate empirically derived dietary patterns identified using the Treelet Transform (TT) to risk of stroke.

Design: A prospective cohort study using the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Dietary information was obtained in 1993-1997 using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ.

Down-regulation of CK2α correlates with decreased expression levels of DNA replication minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) genes.

Protein kinase CK2 is a serine/threonine kinase composed of two catalytic subunits (CK2α and/or CK2α') and two regulatory subunits (CK2β). It is implicated in every stage of the cell cycle and in the regulation of various intracellular pathways associated with health and disease states. The catalytic subunits have similar biochemical activity, however, their functions may differ significantly in cells and in vivo.

Enhanced trypsin on a budget: Stabilization, purification and high-temperature application of inexpensive commercial trypsin for proteomics applications.

Trypsin is by far the most commonly used protease in proteomics. Even though the amount of protease used in each experiment is very small, digestion of large amounts of protein prior to enrichment can be rather costly. The price of commercial trypsin is highly dependent on the quality of the enzyme, which is determined by its purity, activity, and chemical modifications.

Climate-land-use interactions shape tropical mountain biodiversity and ecosystem functions.

Agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources have transformed tropical mountain ecosystems across the world, and the consequences of these transformations for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are largely unknown. Conclusions that are derived from studies in non-mountainous areas are not suitable for predicting the effects of land-use changes on tropical mountains because the climatic environment rapidly changes with elevation, which may mitigate or amplify the effects of land use. It is of key importance to understand how the interplay of climate and land use constrains biodiversity and ecosystem functions to determine the consequences of global change for mountain ecosystems.

Promote Biomarker Discovery by Identifying Homogenous Primary Headache Subgroups.

Within- and between-study heterogeneity impede identification of valid primary headache biomarkers. Homogenous subgroup identification and investigation of differential biochemical profiles and networks within and across headache categories, based on statistical techniques, might promote biomarker discovery. When studying common primary headaches with a multifactorial etiology, variability might be captured at different levels (eg, genetics, clinical features, comorbidities, triggers).

Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Peptide, Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide and Headache Targets in the Trigeminal Ganglia of Rats and Humans.

Neurotransmitter and headache target localization in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) might increase the understanding of sites of action, and mechanisms related to headache therapy. The overall aim of the study was to investigate the presence of migraine targets in the TG with particular emphasis on pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), known to be involved in cranial pain processing, and selected headache targets. Rat- and human TG were processed for immunohistochemistry.

Mechanistic Modeling of Reversed-Phase Chromatography of Insulins within the Temperature Range 10-40 °C.

In the many published theories on the retention in reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), the focus is generally on the effect of the concentration of the mobile phase modulator(s), although temperature is known to have a significant influence both on the retention and on the selectivity between the adsorbates. The aim of this study was to investigate and model the combined effects of the temperature and the modulator concentrations on RPC of three insulin variants. KCl and ethanol were used as mobile phase modulators, and the experiments were performed on two different adsorbents, with C and C ligands.

Perivascular neurotransmitters: Regulation of cerebral blood flow and role in primary headaches.

In order to understand the nature of the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and primary headaches, we have conducted a literature review with particular emphasis on the role of perivascular neurotransmitters. Primary headaches are in general considered complex polygenic disorders (genetic and environmental influence) with pathophysiological neurovascular alterations. Identified candidate headache genes are associated with neuro- and gliogenesis, vascular development and diseases, and regulation of vascular tone.

Pareto-optimal reversed-phase chromatography separation of three insulin variants with a solubility constraint.

With the shift of focus of the regulatory bodies, from fixed process conditions towards flexible ones based on process understanding, model-based optimization is becoming an important tool for process development within the biopharmaceutical industry. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization study of separation of three insulin variants by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) is presented. The decision variables were the load factor, the concentrations of ethanol and KCl in the eluent, and the cut points for the product pooling.

Cerebrovascular Gene Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats After Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke, which is one of the leading global causes of death. In the search for new and effective therapeutic targets in stroke research, we need to understand the influence of hypertension in the vasculature following stroke. We used Affymetrix whole-transcriptome expression profiling as a tool to address gene expression differences between the occluded and non-occluded middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), to provide clues about the pathological mechanisms set in play after stroke.