Tailoring implementation of a youth-focused mental health intervention in Sierra Leone using an implementation blueprint methodology.

Background: Identifying contextual factors that might support or hinder implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions for youth in low- and middle- income countries may improve implementation success by increasing the alignment of intervention implementation with local needs and resources. This study engaged community partners in Sierra Leone to: (a) investigate barriers and facilitators to implementing a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools; (b) develop an implementation blueprint to address identified implementation barriers; (c) explore the feasibility of using the implementation blueprint methodology in Sierra Leone.

Methods: We recruited Ministry of Education Officials (n = 2), teachers (n = 15) and principals (n = 15) in Sierra Leone to participate in needs assessment qualitative interviews.

Trophoblast proliferation is higher in female than in male preeclamptic placentas.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder with inflammatory complications. There are no known placental histopathological features, which are unique to PE. It is often pooled with the fetal growth restriction (FGR) under a single umbrella pathophysiology, the maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM).

Studying bats using a One Health lens: bridging the gap between bat virology and disease ecology.

Accumulating data suggest that some bat species host emerging viruses that are highly pathogenic in humans and agricultural animals. Laboratory-based studies have highlighted important adaptations in bat immune systems that allow them to better tolerate viral infections compared to humans. Simultaneously, ecological studies have discovered critical extrinsic factors, such as nutritional stress, that correlate with virus shedding in wild-caught bats.

A research agenda to advance the study of implementation mechanisms.

Background: Implementation science scholars have made significant progress identifying factors that enable or obstruct the implementation of evidence-based interventions, and testing strategies that may modify those factors. However, little research sheds light on how or why strategies work, in what contexts, and for whom. Studying implementation mechanisms-the processes responsible for change-is crucial for advancing the field of implementation science and enhancing its value in facilitating equitable policy and practice change.

Genetically and Functionally Distinct Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Duplication in Bats.

The genetic locus encoding immunoglobulin heavy chains (IgH) is critical for vertebrate humoral immune responses and diverse antibody repertoires. Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor loci of most bat species have not been annotated, despite the recurrent role of bats as viral reservoirs and sources of zoonotic pathogens. We investigated the genetic structure and function of IgH loci across the largest bat family, Vespertilionidae, focusing on big brown bats ).

Physical comorbidity is associated with overnight hospitalization in U.S. adults with asthma: an assessment of the 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Objective: Identifying the effects of comorbidity on healthcare utilization is critical for understanding the benefits of improved comorbidity management. Asthma is a common respiratory condition, associated with gastrointestinal, metabolic, psychiatric, and other respiratory conditions. Adults with asthma represent a key population in understanding comorbidity and its consequences.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Health Insurance Coverage: If, How, and When? An Integrated Knowledge Translation (iKT) Delphi Key Informant Analysis.

Objectives: Hundreds of trials have evaluated Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), but in the United States, it is generally not covered by health insurance. Consequently, the aims were to identify the following: (1) key questions to make decisions about , , and MBSR should be covered by health insurance; (2a) barriers and (2b) facilitators to understand and resolve for MBSR to be covered by health insurance; and (3) highest priority evidence needed to inform health insurance coverage decisions.

Methods: Key informants ( = 26) included health insurers, healthcare administrators, policymakers, clinicians, MBSR instructors, and MBSR students.

The education of experience: Mixed methods evidence demonstrates the benefit of multiparity.

Problem: Existing quantitative data is conflicting concerning whether multiparous birthing parents (individuals with an older child(ren)) experience an easier postpartum transition compared to primiparous birthing parents (first time parents).

Aim: This convergent mixed methods study leverages the depth of qualitative inquiry to seek a clearer understanding of the way in which acquired parenting experience contributes to observed quantitative differences in outcomes between parity groups. This work can serve as a first step in planning for supportive interventions that effectively address the postpartum needs of both parity groups.

Locked in and left out: the "prison penalty" for implementation of evidence-based interventions.

Background: While the broader medical community grapples with the widely accepted notion that it takes an average of 17 years for research evidence to be incorporated into clinical practice, the implementation of evidence-based interventions in carceral settings (i.e., jails and prisons) faces longer delays, exacerbating health disparities.

Structural basis of ligand specificity and channel activation in an insect gustatory receptor.

Gustatory receptors (GRs) are critical for insect chemosensation and are potential targets for controlling pests and disease vectors, making their structural investigation a vital step toward such applications. We present structures of Bombyx mori Gr9 (BmGr9), a fructose-gated cation channel, in agonist-free and fructose-bound states. BmGr9 forms a tetramer similar to distantly related insect odorant receptors (ORs).

Developing and testing a produce prescription implementation blueprint to improve food security in a clinical setting: a pilot study protocol.

Background: Food insecurity is common in the United States, especially in Rhode Island, where it affects up to 33% of residents. Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes and disproportionally affects people from minoritized backgrounds. Produce prescription programs, in which healthcare providers write "prescriptions" for free or reduced cost vegetables, have been used to address food insecurity and diet-related chronic disease.

Advances in understanding bat infection dynamics across biological scales.

Over the past two decades, research on bat-associated microbes such as viruses, bacteria and fungi has dramatically increased. Here, we synthesize themes from a conference symposium focused on advances in the research of bats and their microbes, including physiological, immunological, ecological and epidemiological research that has improved our understanding of bat infection dynamics at multiple biological scales. We first present metrics for measuring individual bat responses to infection and challenges associated with using these metrics.

Molecular driving forces for water adsorption in MOF-808: A comparative analysis with UiO-66.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with their unique porous structures and versatile functionality, have emerged as promising materials for the adsorption, separation, and storage of diverse molecular species. In this study, we investigate water adsorption in MOF-808, a prototypical MOF that shares the same secondary building unit (SBU) as UiO-66, and elucidate how differences in topology and connectivity between the two MOFs influence the adsorption mechanism. To this end, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to calculate several thermodynamic and dynamical properties of water in MOF-808 as a function of relative humidity (RH), from the initial adsorption step to full pore filling.

Structure of an insect gustatory receptor.

Gustatory Receptors (GRs) are critical for insect chemosensation and are potential targets for controlling pests and disease vectors. However, GR structures have not been experimentally determined. We present structures of Gr9 (BmGr9), a fructose-gated cation channel, in agonist-free and fructose-bound states.

Rural-Urban Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Bangladeshi Adults: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018.

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adults (≥18 years) by analyzing the cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-2018 data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of underweight was 12.

The effects of annual cycle, source population, and body condition on leukocyte profile and immune challenge in a basal reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus).

Leukocyte profiles are broadly used to assess the health status of many species. Reference intervals, and an understanding of the factors that may influence these intervals, are necessary for adequate interpretation of leukograms. Using a data set that spans over three decades, we investigated variation in leukocyte profile in several populations of the evolutionarily unique reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus).

Private Practice, Private Insurance, and Private Pay Mental Health Services: An Understudied Area in Implementation Science.

The private practice setting is understudied. Private practice includes settings in which mental health providers are unaffiliated with healthcare and hospital systems. Private practices may accept insurance (private and sometimes public) or no insurance (private pay).

Assessment of implementation methods in sepsis: study protocol for a cluster-randomized hybrid type 2 trial.

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and ICU death. In recognition of the burden of sepsis, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement developed sepsis "bundles" (goals to accomplish over a specific time period) to facilitate SSC guideline implementation in clinical practice. Using the SSC 3-h bundle as a base, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services developed a 3-h sepsis bundle that has become the national standard for early management of sepsis.

Fluid shear stress induces a shift from glycolytic to amino acid pathway in human trophoblasts.

Background: The human placenta, a tissue with a lifespan limited to the period of pregnancy, is exposed to varying shear rates by maternal blood perfusion depending on the stage of development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of fluidic shear stress on the human trophoblast transcriptome and metabolism.

Results: Based on a trophoblast cell line cultured in a fluidic flow system, changes caused by shear stress were analyzed and compared to static conditions.

What caregivers like the most (and least) about cognitive behavioral therapy for youth anxiety: A mixed methods approach.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious therapy for youth anxiety disorders. Caregivers are key stakeholders in youth therapy, and their feedback on treatment can help to inform intervention personalization. This mixed-methods study applied a systematic inductive thematic analysis to identify themes among most- and least-liked CBT features reported by caregivers using open-ended responses on the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8).

Endoscopic radiofrequency Stretta therapy reduces proton pump inhibitor dependency and the need for anti-reflux surgery for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Background/aims: Radiofrequency treatment of the gastroesophageal junction using the Stretta procedure for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is observed to improve the symptoms and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dependence and reduce the need for anti-reflux operations. As one of the largest studies in Europe, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of Stretta in patients with medically refractory GERD.

Methods: A tertiary UK center evaluated all patients with refractory GERD who underwent Stretta between 2014 and 2022.