Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder Are Increasingly Being Prescribed in American Patients with Advanced Liver Disease.

The number of alcohol use disorder patients with mild (n=101) and severe alcoholic liver disease (n=112) increased between 2013 and 2023 (p=0.06). Naltrexone was prescribed in 65%, acamprosate 26% and disulfiram 9%.

Liver Injury due to Intravenous Methylprednisolone in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network.

Background And Aims: Short courses of intravenous (iv) methylprednisolone (MP) can cause drug induced liver injury (DILI). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical features and HLA associations of MP-related DILI enrolled in the US DILI Network (DILIN).

Methods: DILIN cases with MP as a suspected drug were reviewed.

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world study of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in 247 patients.

Background: Daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma (Dara-R MM) presents a significant treatment challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in a large, real-world cohort of patients with Dara-R MM, with particular focus on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 247 Dara-R MM patients treated with EloPd.

Detecting Early Degradation of Wood Ultrastructure with Nonlinear Optical Imaging and Fluorescence Lifetime Analysis.

Understanding the deterioration processes in wooden artefacts is essential for accurately assessing their conservation status and developing effective preservation strategies. Advanced imaging techniques are currently being explored to study the impact of chemical changes on the structural and mechanical properties of wood. Nonlinear optical modalities, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), offer a promising non-destructive diagnostic method for evaluating lignocellulose-based materials.

Macrophage Therapy for Acute Liver Injury (MAIL): a study protocol for a phase 1 randomised, open-label, dose-escalation study to evaluate safety, tolerability and activity of allogeneic alternatively activated macrophages in patients with paracetamol-induced acute liver injury in the UK.

Introduction: Acute liver failure (ALF) has no effective treatment other than liver transplantation and is commonly caused by paracetamol overdose. New treatments are needed to treat and prevent ALF. Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAMs) can promote resolution of liver necrosis and stimulate hepatocyte proliferation.

Drug-induced Liver Injury Due to Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From the DILIN Prospective Study.

Objectives: Concerns about drug-induced liver injury (DILI) may deter physicians from prescribing medications for alcohol use disorder (MAUD). We aim to explore DILI due to MAUD in Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study.

Methods: High-confidence DILI cases (ie, definite, highly likely, or probable) due to MAUD in DILIN prospective study (2004-2024) were included.

Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia Due to Liver Metastases in a Patient With Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Hypercalcemia is most commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy in the setting of elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein or bone metastases. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)-mediated hypercalcemia is rare and typically associated with granulomatous conditions; however, other solid-organ etiologies have been reported. Here, we detail the case of a 62-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) with hypercalcemia refractory to traditional bisphosphonate therapy in the setting of vastly elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.

A High-Throughput Microphysiological Liver Chip System to Model Drug-Induced Liver Injury Using Human Liver Organoids.

Background And Aims: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major failure mode in pharmaceutical development. This study aims to address the limitations of existing preclinical models by assessing a high-throughput, microfluidic liver-on-a-chip system, termed "Curio Barrier Liver Chips," and its capacity to recapitulate the effects of chronic hepatotoxic drug treatment through metabolic and phenotypic characterization.

Methods: Curio Barrier liver chips (Curiochips), fabricated in an 8 × 2 well configuration, were utilized to establish three dimensional liver organoid cultures.

Improving the Diagnostic Accuracy of RECAM in North American Patients With Suspected Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Introduction: The Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM) is an updated, electronic version of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) to diagnose drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The primary aim of this study was to compare RECAM vs RUCAM in patients with suspected DILI.

Methods: Patient encounters from October 1, 2015, to September 30, 2019, were searched for suspected DILI using ICD-10 K71 codes for toxic liver disease.

Clinical Efficacy of Isatuximab Plus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Isatuximab, a novel anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is approved in combination with carfilzomib and dexamethasone (Isa-Kd) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients. Because of its recent introduction, real-world efficacy and safety are poorly reported. In this Italian multicenter real-life observational retrospective study, efficacy and safety of the Isa-Kd regimen were evaluated in a cohort of 103 RRMM patients.

Review article: Recommendations for detection, assessment and management of suspected drug-induced liver injury during clinical trials in oncology patients.

Background: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for oncology drugs in clinical practice and under development. Monitoring cancer patients for hepatotoxicity is challenging as these patients may have abnormal liver tests pre-treatment or on-study for many reasons including liver injury due to past oncology treatments, hepatic metastases, medical co-morbidities such as heart failure, and concomitant medications. At present, there are no regulatory guidelines or position papers that systematically address best practices pertaining to DILI detection, assessment and management in oncology patients.

Lessons from the pandemic era: do we need new strategies to improve conservative treatment adherence in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A retrospective analysis.

This study aims to examine whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected the adherence to conservative AIS treatment. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine of at least 10 degrees. Compliance rates in conservative treatments are influenced by various factors.

Strategies for producing probiotic biomass and postbiotics from Akkermansia muciniphila in submerged cultivations incorporating prebiotic sources.

This research propounds an innovative technology focused on sustainability to increase the biomass yield of Akkermansia muciniphila, the next-generation probiotic, using prebiotic sources to replace or reduce animal mucin levels. A series of experimental design approaches were developed aiming to optimize the growth of Akkermansiamuciniphila by incorporating extracts of green leafy vegetables and edible mushroom into the cultivation media. Experiments using kale extract (KE), Brassica oleracea L.

Disclosure of a Concealed Michelangelo-Inspired Depiction in a 16th-Century Painting.

Some paintings may have hidden depictions beneath the visible surface, which can provide valuable insights into the artist's creative process and the genesis of the artwork. Studies have shown that these covered paintings can be revealed through image-based techniques and integrated data processing. This study analyzes an oil painting by Beceri from the mid-16th century depicting the Holy Family, owned by the Uffizi Galleries.

Estimated Exposure to 6 Potentially Hepatotoxic Botanicals in US Adults.

Importance: Use of herbal and dietary supplements (HDSs) accounts for an increasing proportion of drug hepatotoxicity cases. Turmeric or curcumin, green tea extract, Garcinia cambogia, black cohosh, red yeast rice, and ashwagandha are the most frequently reported hepatoxic botanicals, but their prevalence and reasons for use in the general population are unknown.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical characteristics of adult consumers of 6 potentially hepatoxic botanicals.

Cytomegalovirus reactivation is frequent in multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab-based regimens.

Background: Viral reactivations are frequent in hematologial patients due to their cancer-related and drug-induced immunosuppressive status. Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, is used for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment, and causes immunosuppression by targeting CD38-expressing normal lymphocytes. In this single-center two-arm real-life experience, we evaluated incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in MM patients treated with daratumumab-based regimens as first- or second-line therapy.

Association of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With Viral Hepatitis-Associated Acute Liver Failure.

Introduction: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) comprises 11% of acute liver failure (ALF) in North America while acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity represents 46%. The use of APAP to treat prodromal hepatitis symptoms is common. It is unknown if concurrent APAP use impacts liver injury in AVH-induced ALF.

Clinical characteristics and HLA associations of azithromycin-induced liver injury.

Background: Azithromycin (AZ) is a widely used antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical features, outcomes, and HLA association in patients with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) due to AZ.

Methods: The clinical characteristics of individuals with definite, highly likely, or probable AZ-DILI enrolled in the US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) were reviewed.