Evaluating facial dermis aging in healthy Caucasian females with LC-OCT and deep learning.

Recent advancements in high-resolution imaging have significantly improved our understanding of microstructural changes in the skin and their relationship to the aging process. Line Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) provides detailed 3D insights into various skin layers, including the papillary dermis and its fibrous network. In this study, a deep learning model utilizing a 3D ResNet-18 network was trained to predict chronological age from LC-OCT images of 100 healthy Caucasian female volunteers, aged 20 to 70 years.

Skin dark spot mapping and evaluation of brightening product efficacy using Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT).

Background: Facial dark spots remain a significant challenge for the cosmetic industry, in terms of providing effective treatment. Using Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT), we investigated the internal structural features of photo-aging spot areas and evaluated the efficacy of a skin-brightening cosmetic product.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six Asian female volunteers, aged between 29 and 65 years, applied a cosmetic product on their entire face twice a day for 2 months.

Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) for Skin Imaging in Dermatology.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique based on a combination of the principles of optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy with line-field illumination, which can generate cell-resolved images of the skin in vivo. This article reports on the LC-OCT technique and its application in dermatology. The principle of the technique is described, and the latest technological innovations are presented.

"Redirecting an anti-IL-1β antibody to bind a new, unrelated and computationally predicted epitope on hIL-17A".

Antibody engineering technology is at the forefront of therapeutic antibody development. The primary goal for engineering a therapeutic antibody is the generation of an antibody with a desired specificity, affinity, function, and developability profile. Mature antibodies are considered antigen specific, which may preclude their use as a starting point for antibody engineering.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms to identify quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing.

Quantitative biomarkers of facial skin ageing were studied from one hundred healthy Caucasian female volunteers, aged 20-70 years, using in vivo 3D Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) imaging coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based quantification algorithms. Layer metrics, i.e.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT): principles and practical use.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique based on a combination of the optical principles of optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy with line-field illumination, which can generate cell-resolved images of the skin, in vivo, in vertical section, horizontal section and in three dimensions. This article reviews the optical principles of LC-OCT, including low coherence interferometry, confocal filtering and line-field arrangement. The optical setup allowing for the acquisition of color images of the skin surface in parallel with LC-OCT images, without compromising LC-OCT performance, is also presented.

Accurate profiling of full-length Fv in highly homologous antibody libraries using UMI tagged short reads.

Deep parallel sequencing (NGS) is a viable tool for monitoring scFv and Fab library dynamics in many antibody engineering high-throughput screening efforts. Although very useful, the commonly used Illumina NGS platform cannot handle the entire sequence of scFv or Fab in a single read, usually focusing on specific CDRs or resorting to sequencing VH and VL variable domains separately, thus limiting its utility in comprehensive monitoring of selection dynamics. Here we present a simple and robust method for deep sequencing repertoires of full length scFv, Fab and Fv antibody sequences.

Non-invasive scoring of cellular atypia in keratinocyte cancers in 3D LC-OCT images using Deep Learning.

Diagnosis based on histopathology for skin cancer detection is today's gold standard and relies on the presence or absence of biomarkers and cellular atypia. However it suffers drawbacks: it requires a strong expertise and is time-consuming. Moreover the notion of atypia or dysplasia of the visible cells used for diagnosis is very subjective, with poor inter-rater agreement reported in the literature.

Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography as a tool for three-dimensional in vivo quantification of healthy epidermis: A pilot study.

Epidermal three-dimensional (3D) topography/quantification has not been completely characterized yet. The recently developed line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) provides real-time, high-resolution, in-vivo 3D imaging of the skin. This pilot study aimed at quantifying epidermal metrics (epidermal thicknesses, dermal-epidermal junction [DEJ] undulation and keratinocyte number/shape/size) using 3D LC-OCT.

Computational Design of Epitope-Specific Functional Antibodies.

The ultimate goal of protein design is to introduce new biological activity. We propose a computational approach for designing functional antibodies by focusing on functional epitopes, integrating large-scale statistical analysis with multiple structural models. Machine learning is used to analyze these models and predict specific residue-residue contacts.

Computational design of antibodies.

Antibody design aims to create new antibodies with biological activity that can be used in therapy and research. Traditional methods for antibody discovery, such as animal immunization and large-scale library screening, generate antibodies that bind to the target of interest, but do not necessarily have the desired functional effect. Computational methods can be utilized as a means to guide the search for biologically relevant antibodies, focusing on specificity and affinity determinants to target a particular region of the antigen.

Epidemiology of oral, salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer in children and adolescents between 1970 and 2011.

Objectives: The age of oral and pharyngeal cancer patients has reportedly decreased over the last decade, but most of the peer-reviewed literature regarding oral and pharyngeal cancer in individuals 0-19years of age (Y) is limited to specific tumor sites and/or types, or a small number of cases. Our aim is to characterize oral, salivary gland and pharyngeal cancer (OSPC) in 0-19Y in order to improve knowledge of the disease in young individuals.

Methods: Data on OSPC between 1970 and 2011 was taken from the Israel National Cancer Registry, and included patient age, gender, tumor site and tumor type.

Protein S drives oral squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenicity through regulation of AXL.

The TAM family of proto-oncogenic receptor protein tyrosine kinases, comprising of TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK, is implicated in many human cancers. Their activation leads to cancer cell proliferation, enhanced migration, invasion, and drug resistance; however how TAMs are activated in cancers is less understood. We previously showed that Protein S (PROS1) is a ligand of the TAM receptors.

Periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum promote tumor progression in an oral-specific chemical carcinogenesis model.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a lethal disease whose incidence is increasing. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate an association between periodontitis and oral cancer, and periodontal pathogens are implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and gastrointestinal malignancies. Nevertheless, a causal role for periodontal pathogens in OSCC has not been shown, partly due to the lack of an appropriate animal model.

How the insightful leadership of James English transformed a traditional dental school into a leading educational institution.

During the 1960s, the dental school at the University of Buffalo underwent a profound change, as a result of its merger with the State University of New York (SUNY), and, very importantly, because of the outstanding leadership provided by Dean James A. English. This article contrasts what the school was like in 1960 before Dean English's arrival, and what it had become in 1970 when his deanship ended.

Small molecule correctors of F508del-CFTR discovered by structure-based virtual screening.

Folding correctors of F508del-CFTR were discovered by in silico structure-based screening utilizing homology models of CFTR. The intracellular segment of CFTR was modeled and three cavities were identified at inter-domain interfaces: (1) Interface between the two Nucleotide Binding Domains (NBDs); (2) Interface between NBD1 and Intracellular Loop (ICL) 4, in the region of the F508 deletion; (3) multi-domain interface between NBD1:2:ICL1:2:4. We hypothesized that compounds binding at these interfaces may improve the stability of the protein, potentially affecting the folding yield or surface stability.

The cystic fibrosis-causing mutation deltaF508 affects multiple steps in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator biogenesis.

The deletion of phenylalanine 508 in the first nucleotide binding domain of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is directly associated with >90% of cystic fibrosis cases. This mutant protein fails to traffic out of the endoplasmic reticulum and is subsequently degraded by the proteasome. The effects of this mutation may be partially reversed by the application of exogenous osmolytes, expression at low temperature, and the introduction of second site suppressor mutations.

Exceptional oral manifestations of amyloid light chain protein (AL) systemic amyloidosis.

Oral amyloidosis is usually presented in the tongue and is often associated with multiple myeloma. We present three patients with unusual oral manifestations of primary amyloidosis, which to the best of our knowledge have not been previously published. In two cases the oral manifestation was overt at the time of diagnosis and all cases ended in patient mortality.

The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography.

This study investigated, using digital bitewing radiography, the progression and regression of approximal caries in adolescent subjects chewing a sugar-free gum containing 54 mg CPP-ACP relative to the identical gum without CPP-ACP. 2,720 subjects from 29 schools were randomly assigned to one of the two gums and were instructed to chew their assigned gum for 3 x 10 min/day, with one session supervised on school days, over the 24-month study period. Standardized digital bitewing radiographs were taken at the baseline and 24-month clinical examinations for each subject.

Examination of three different methods of dental caries scoring during eruption of the premolar and second molar teeth in 10- to 13-year-old children using cross-sectional data.

Objective: Premolars and second permanent molars mainly erupt in children between 10 and 13 years of age. This age range provides a relatively large number of caries-free or near caries-free tooth surfaces at a baseline measurement that can become carious during such trials. Since traditional DMFS scoring does not take the addition of new surfaces into account, the aim of this study was to compare that scoring system to two methods where sound surfaces are included in the scoring.

Use of essential oil-containing mouthrinses by xerostomic individuals: determination of potential for oral mucosal irritation.

Purpose: To assess the irritation potential of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse (Listerine Antiseptic) in a population with objectively documented xerostomia (hyposalivation) using an exaggerated-exposure clinical model.

Methods: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination, 19 qualifying female subjects with a mean age of 61 years and a mean unstimulated baseline salivary flow of 0.06 mL/min were randomly assigned either the essential oil mouthrinse or a negative control rinse.

Mid-line swelling of the palate.

Sarcoidosis is a multi-system, non-caseating granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that may affect any organ. The oral involvement of sarcoidosis is rare and usually an initial manifestation of the disease. In this case report the authors present a 25-year-old African-American woman with palatal sarcoidosis treated successfully with intra-lesional corticosteroid injections.