Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type A disease in Alaska, 2018-2022.

We used statewide surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type a (Hia) disease in Alaska during 2018-2022. Of 52 cases identified, 39 (75%) occurred among Alaska Native children aged <5 years who lived in rural areas of southwest or northern Alaska. Average annual incidence was 17.

[Professional knowledge deficits and knowledge differences in interprofessional discharge planning: A questionnaire study].

Professional knowledge deficits and knowledge differences in interprofessional discharge planning: A questionnaire study This study focuses on discharge planning (DP), specifically on knowledge deficits and differences between nurses and physicians in Germany. To determine and compare the current level of knowledge, as well as potential knowledge deficits and differences, among the studied professional groups with regard to DP. A knowledge test on DP was developed and content validated.

Tunable superconductivity coexisting with the anomalous Hall effect in a transition metal dichalcogenide.

Transition metal dichalcogenides display a high technological potential due to their wide range of electronic ground states. Here, we unveil that by tuning hydrostatic pressure P, a cascade of electronic phase transitions can be induced in the few-layer transition metal dichalcogenide 1T'-WS. As P increases, we observe the suppression of superconductivity with the concomitant emergence of an anomalous Hall effect (AHE) at GPa.

Feasibility of a single-day protocol for SPECT and PET assessment of dopamine transporter availability, cardiac innervation and metabolic patterns in patients with movement disorders.

Purpose: Due to new advances in molecular and imaging biomarkers, a biological classification of Parkinson's disease (PD) called SyNeurGe (Hoglinger et al. Lancet Neurol 2024;23:191-204) has been proposed for research use recently. [I]ioflupane dopamine transporter single-photon-emission-computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) and cardiac [I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy are included in this biological classification scheme together with 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG-PET) as central imaging biomarkers for the assessment of dopaminergic function, cardiac sympathetic denervation, and metabolic patterns in brain.

Unlocking the potential of digital pathology: Novel baselines for compression.

Digital pathology offers a groundbreaking opportunity to transform clinical practice in histopathological image analysis, yet faces a significant hurdle: the substantial file sizes of pathological whole slide images (WSIs). Whereas current digital pathology solutions rely on lossy JPEG compression to address this issue, lossy compression can introduce color and texture disparities, potentially impacting clinical decision-making. Whereas prior research addresses perceptual image quality and downstream performance independently of each other, we jointly evaluate compression schemes for perceptual and downstream task quality on four different datasets.

Quantification of paint flakes and metal emissions during pro-active in-water hull cleaning.

Pro-active in-water hull cleaning is a viable option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and preventing the transportation of non-indigenous species. Conversely, pro-active in-water cleaning (IWC) might lead to the emission of antifouling paint particles and biocides, posing a risk to the marine environment. However, the analysis of these APPs is particularly challenging.

Isolation of the parent triplet titanocene NHC stabilisation.

We present the synthesis and characterization of the parent isolable monomeric triplet titanocene complex, stabilized by the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) IMe. Investigated by SQUID magnetometry and quantum-chemical calculations, reactivity studies of the titanium precursor [CpTi(btmsa)] (2) with the NHC IPrMe and the zirconocene complex [CpZr(py)(btmsa)] (1) revealed divergent reactivity patterns, highlighting the role of steric and electronic effects in stabilization.

Invasive Group B Streptococcal Disease Among Non-Pregnant Adults - Alaska, 2004-2023.

We describe the epidemiology of invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease among non-pregnant Alaska adults using statewide surveillance data. During 2004-2023, 880 cases of invasive GBS disease were reported for an age-adjusted annual incidence of 9.1 (95% CI, 8.

27Al NMR spectroscopic and DFT computational study of the quadrupole coupling of aluminum in two polymorphs of the complex aluminum hydride CsAlH4.

The quadrupole coupling constant CQ and the asymmetry parameter η of the aluminum nuclei in two polymorphs of the complex aluminum hydride CsAlH4 are determined from both 27Al magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and 27Al NMR spectra recorded for stationary samples by using the Solomon echo sequence. The accuracy with which these parameters can be determined from the static spectra [CsAlH4(o): CQ = (1.42 ± 0.

Therapeutic drug monitoring for dose optimization in Alzheimer's disease and in dementia with Lewy bodies: A randomized single-blinded clinical trial.

Background: Previous evidence suggests serum concentrations of donepezil varies in clinical populations and that a dose higher than standard may have additional positive effect on cognition. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a tool for dose optimization (DO) whereby treatment is adjusted based on previous quantification of the prescribed drug.

Objective: Investigate whether TDM-based DO of donepezil or memantine improves clinical outcomes and/or reduce the frequency of adverse reactions (ARs) in neurodegenerative conditions commonly treated with these two study drugs.

Enhanced invasion and survival of antibiotic- resistant pathotypes in host cells and strain-specific replication in blood.

Background: is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens causing healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections worldwide. In recent years, the increase in antibiotic resistance and infections caused by hypervirulent poses great public health concerns. In this study, host-pathogen interactions of different strains of human and animal origins were analyzed in microbiological, cell-biological and immunological experiments.

A highly accurate nanopore-based sequencing workflow for culture and PCR-free microbial metagenomic profiling of urogenital samples.

Background: The application of molecular sequencing methods for microbiome profiling of biological samples are largely restricted to research use. However, they require significant resources such as time and cost and can suffer from amplification biases that may hamper interpretation of complex systems. These issues are also a barrier to adoption as standard clinical tools in, for example, diagnosis of urogenital infections.

FLEXR-MSA: electron-density map comparisons of sequence-diverse structures.

Proteins with near-identical sequences often share similar static structures. Yet, comparing crystal structures is limited or even biased by what has been included or omitted in the deposited model. Information about unique dynamics is often hidden in electron-density maps.

Radiation Treatment Planning After Minimum Metallic Instrumentation for Patients with Spinal Metastases: A Case Series.

: The utilization of non-metallic pedicle screws and rods has become a favored approach in the management of spinal tumors. An abundance of metal artifacts improves postoperative imaging and allows for precise radiation treatment planning. Under certain conditions, a vertebral body replacement (VBR) is necessary in addition to dorsal fixation.

Health-Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index and the 10-Metre Walk Test in Patients Awaiting Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: A Cross-Sectional Data Analysis with Matched Controls.

The study compares the body mass index (BMI), 10-m walk test results, and self-rated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients awaiting total knee or hip arthroplasty with age and sex-matched controls. Additionally, we investigated relationships between these variables to better understand how mobility impairments and HRQoL contribute to the need for surgical intervention. Forty-three patients (age: 66.

Genetic Variants of Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-16 and Their Association with Cervical Cancer Risk.

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common cancer diagnosis in women worldwide. Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a critical but not determinative condition for CC development, as several co-factors modulate the progression of HPV-associated cervical lesions. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-16 (IL-16) are chemokine-like interleukins involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers.

On opportunities and challenges of large multimodal foundation models in education.

Recently, the option to use large language models as a middleware connecting various AI tools and other large language models led to the development of so-called large multimodal foundation models, which have the power to process spoken text, music, images and videos. In this overview, we explain a new set of opportunities and challenges that arise from the integration of large multimodal foundation models in education.

Applying Gaussian Process Machine Learning and Modern Probabilistic Programming to Satellite Data to Infer CO Emissions.

Satellite data provides essential insights into the spatiotemporal distribution of CO concentrations. However, many atmospheric inverse models fail to adequately incorporate the spatial and temporal correlations inherent in satellite observations and often lack rigorous methods for estimating parameters like spatial length scales. We introduce an inference model that processes the spatiotemporal covariance in satellite data and estimates hyperparameters such as covariance length scales.

Psychophysics over the counter: The effect of food preference on the perception of food quantity.

Much research in food psychology has examined the influence of perceptual features - color, texture, packaging - on preference for that food. Here, we addressed the reverse question of the influence of food preference on the perception of its quantity. Does a portion of a loved food appear different than the same portion of a hated food? We probed this question by employing state-of-the-art tools of psychophysics, which allowed us the parallel examination of several long-standing issues of psychophysics.

Extended phenotypic spectrum of benign yellow dot maculopathy.

Background: To present the morphological and functional characteristics of individuals with benign yellow dot maculopathy (BYDM).

Methods: Assessments included ocular examinations, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, optical coherence tomography (OCT), blue-light fundus autofluorescence (BAF), and near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF). First degree family members were also examined whenever available.

Tree balance in phylogenetic models.

Tree shape statistics, particularly measures of tree (im)balance, play an important role in the analysis of the shape of phylogenetic trees. With applications ranging from testing evolutionary models to studying the impact of fertility inheritance and selection, or tumour development and language evolution, the assessment of measures of tree balance is important. Currently, a multitude of at least 30 (im)balance indices can be found in the literature, alongside numerous other tree shape statistics.

A phase 1 dose-escalation study of LY3295668 erbumine as monotherapy and in combination with topotecan and cyclophosphamide in children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma.

Background: This study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of LY3295668 erbumine as monotherapy and combination therapy in children with relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma.

Methods: Patients aged 2-21 years who had relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma were enrolled. LY3295668 erbumine was evaluated at two dose levels (12 and 15 mg/m) and administered orally twice daily continuously as monotherapy and in combination with intravenous topotecan and cyclophosphamide in 28-day cycles.

Greater anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar mobility in females compared to males undergoing periacetabular osteotomy: A matched cohort study.

Purpose: The functional hip-spine interaction is increasingly noted in hip preservation by periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), while potentially affecting the impingement-free acetabular reorientation. However, the clinically relevant sex-related differences in lumbopelvic alignment have been poorly studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a matched PAO patient cohort for sex-related differences in lumbopelvic alignment.