Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in Brazilian Children With Nephrotic Syndrome Submitted to Renal Transplant.

Background: The aims of this study were to identify the genetic mutations profile in Brazilian children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and to determine a genotype-phenotype correlation in this disease.

Methods: Next-generation sequencing and mutation analysis were performed on 24 genes related to NS in a cross-sectional study involving 95 children who underwent kidney transplantation due to NS, excluding congenital cases.

Results: A total of 149 variants were identified in 22 of 24 sequenced genes.

Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation as Predisposing Conditions to Onychomycosis.

Background/aim: Onychomycosis (OM) is one of the commonest superficial fungal infections. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are considered at risk of contracting fungal infections, but the few published data do not reach the conclusion of whether they are predisposed to OM. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of OM in these patients and to determine the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated fungal species.

Bone Marrow Lesion: Image, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment.

In this article, the cause, histology, imaging characteristics, clinical presentation, and treatment of these lesions are thoroughly discussed. Bone marrow edema is the generic term classically used to describe the high-signal-intensity alterations detected on magnetic resonance fluid-sensitive sequences. The significance of bone marrow edema for the patient's clinical condition and the prognosis of the affected joint is being increasingly investigated and discussed, and situations characterized by subchondral insufficiency are receiving increasing attention.

Dual burden of chronic physical diseases and anxiety/mood disorders among São Paulo Megacity Mental Health Survey Sample, Brazil.

Background: We assessed comorbid associations of 12-month DSM-IV mood/any anxiety disorders with chronic physical conditions within the São Paulo (SP) Megacity Mental Health cross-sectional survey of 5037 participants and explored whether strength of comorbid associations were modified when controlling for demographics.

Methods: Chi-square tests and logistic regressions were used to examine comorbid associations of DSM-IV mood/anxiety disorders as measured by the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), and self-reported chronic physical conditions among adults from the SP Megacity Mental Health Survey.

Neonatal Immune Challenge with Lipopolysaccharide Triggers Long-lasting Sex- and Age-related Behavioral and Immune/Neurotrophic Alterations in Mice: Relevance to Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Early-life challenges, particularly infections and stress, are related to neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Here, we conducted a wide range of behavioral tests in periadolescent (postnatal day (PN) 35) and adult (PN70) Swiss mice neonatally challenged with LPS on PN5 and -7, to unveil behavioral alterations triggered by LPS exposure. Immune and neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor-BDNF) alterations were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC), and hypothalamus (HT).

Geolocalization of HIV-1 subtypes and resistance mutations of patients failing antiretroviral therapy in Salvador - Brazil.

Background: Geographical distribution of HIV variants is an important way to understand the circulation and spread of such viral strains.

Objectives: To evaluate the spatial distribution of HIV-1 variants in patients failing antiretroviral therapy, in Salvador, Brazil.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of HIV resistance test reports of patients who underwent genotyping tests in a referral center in Salvador, Brazil, for the years 2008-2014.

Effects of the use of growth hormone in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review.

Introduction: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often have impaired growth and short stature. There is evidence that the therapeutic use of growth hormone (GH) is useful and safe in these patients.

Objective: To analyze the effects of GH use in patients with JIA.

Immune response and protective profile elicited by a multi-epitope chimeric protein derived from Leptospira interrogans.

Introduction: Pathogenic Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, a widely disseminated disease of human and veterinary concern. The development of vaccines that elicit cross-protective immunity through multiple leptospiral serovars has long been pursued. The aim of this study was to develop a novel chimeric multi-epitope fusion antigen, containing sequences of previously studied outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Leptospira.

Oral phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with squamocellular carcinoma of the lip: second case report.

This communication reports the second known case of oral phaeohyphomycosis in a patient with squamocellular carcinoma of the lip. The patient, an 82-year-old black woman, a former smoker (for more than 30 years), suffering from an ulcerous vegetative lesion in the middle third of the lower lip for approximately 12 months. The result of the histopathological analysis indicated carcinoma, with well-differentiated keratinized squamous cells and the presence of septate mycelial filaments.

MMP20 rs1784418 Protects Certain Populations against Caries.

This work aimed to further evaluate the association of MMP20 rs1784418 C>T and dental caries experience with the hypothesis that MMP20 rs1784418 C>T is a risk factor for dental caries. 184 children 4-7 years of age had their caries experience determined and buccal cheek swabs collected for DNA extraction to test for association with the MMP20 rs1784418 C>T using standard statistical approaches. A meta-analytic approach was also implemented to compile previous discrepant reports of the same association.

Pressure ulcer as a reservoir of multiresistant Gram-negative bacilli: risk factors for colonization and development of bacteremia.

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors that predispose patients who are hospitalized with pressure ulcers (PUs) colonized by Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) to develop bacteremia. In addition, we also detected main phenotypes of resistance in infected and uninfected PUs. A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia including patients with Stage II or greater PUs, colonized or not with GNB, from August 2009 to July 2010.

3D shape analysis to reduce false positives for lung nodule detection systems.

Using images from the Image Database Consortium and Image Database Resource Initiative (LIDC-IDRI), we developed a methodology for classifying lung nodules. The proposed methodology uses image processing and pattern recognition techniques. To classify volumes of interest into nodules and non-nodules, we used shape measurements only, analyzing their shape using shape diagrams, proportion measurements, and a cylinder-based analysis.

Antidepressants, antimicrobials or both? Gut microbiota dysbiosis in depression and possible implications of the antimicrobial effects of antidepressant drugs for antidepressant effectiveness.

Objectives: The first drug repurposed for the treatment of depression was the tuberculostatic iproniazid. At present, drugs belonging to new classes of antidepressants still have antimicrobial effects. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota was implicated in the development or exacerbation of mental disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD).

Prevalence of Candida spp. in Healthy Oral Mucosa Surfaces with Higher Incidence of Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis.

Introduction: Predisposing factors in chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC) have been poorly recognized. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of Candida spp. in areas of the oral mucosa showing greater prevalent rate of CHC, such as the retrocomissural area, the lateral borders of the tongue, and the hard-palate mucosa in four groups of individuals presenting predisposing factors as follows: Smoking habits (group I); patients with low salivary flow rate (SFR) (hyposalivation - group II); patients with loss of vertical dimension of occlusion (LVDO -group III); and control subjects (group IV).

Dopamine-independent effects of combining transcranial direct current stimulation with cued gait training on cortical excitability and functional mobility in Parkinson's disease.

Objective: To investigate the dopamine-dependent effect of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with visually cued gait training on cortical excitability and functional mobility in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Design: A pilot, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Methods: Twenty-two patients with Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to 2 groups: (i) active anodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area (experimental group), or (ii) sham tDCS (control group).

Replacement names for two preoccupied generic names in Arthropoda.

The genus Ransonia Blandin, 1979 (Arachnida: Araneae) was established with description of a new species, Ransonia mahasoana of the family Pisauridae (Arachnida: Araneae) endemic from Mahasoa, Madagascar. Unfortunately, this name is preoccupied by Ransonia Kramp, 1947, a genus of the family Rhopalonematidae (Hydrozoa: Trachymedusae) with only one species, Ransonia (Aglantha) krampi Ranson (1932), from Gibraltar, Mediterranean. According to article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature a new substitute name is necessary, since Ransonia Blandin, 1979 does not have a junior synonym applicable and is a junior homonym of another genus.

Intake and ingestive behavior in lambs fed low-digestibility forages.

Ingestive behavior of lambs fed diets consisting of fresh sugarcane with urea, bagasse treated with calcium oxide, and urea ammoniated sugarcane bagasse supplemented with concentrate mixture in 50:50 ratio were evaluated. For this, 34 wethers Santa Inês in their growing phase, with an average age of 3.0 ± 0.

Decrease in antithrombin III and prothrombin serum levels contribute to coagulation disorders during leptospirosis.

Pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira are the causative agent of leptospirosis, an emergent infectious disease that affects humans and animals worldwide. Severe forms of the disease in humans include jaundice, multiple organ failure and intense haemorrhage. Up to now, mechanisms associated with the haemorrhage foci are poorly understood.

High Expression of HULC Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Osteosarcoma Patients.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone cancer in childhood. OS is an aggressive disease, and metastatic patients evolve with very poor clinical outcomes. Genetically, OSs are extremely complex tumors, and the related metastatic process is not well understood in terms of the biology of the disease.

Correlation of accessory pathway location with gender and their manifest or concealed presentation.

Background: Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias account for approximately one third of cases referred for electrophysiological study (EPS). The anatomical substrate responsible for the reentry is an accessory pathway (AP) able to conduct the electrical stimulus in an anterograde, retrograde or bidirectional manner.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of AP location with the male and female genders and AP clinical presentation, whether manifest or concealed.

Can Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improve the Resistance Strength and Decrease the Rating Perceived Scale in Recreational Weight-Training Experience?

Lattari, E, Andrade, ML, Filho, AS, Moura, AM, Neto, GM, Silva, JG, Rocha, NB, Yuan, T-F, Arias-Carrión, O, and Machado, S. Can transcranial direct current stimulation improve the resistance strength and decrease the rating perceived scale in recreational weight-training experience? J Strength Cond Res 30(12): 3381-3387, 2016-The goal of this study was to evaluate the acute efficacy of anodic transcranial direct current stimulation on the total volume of repetitions and perceived exertion in recreationally trained individuals in strength. The sample consisted of 10 participants trained in exercise against resistance for at least 3 months.

Molecular detection of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle herds of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Background: The present study aimed to direct detect Mycobacterium bovis in milk (n = 401) and blood (n = 401) samples collected from 401 dairy cows of 20 properties located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting the region of difference 4 (RD4). Risk factors possibly associated with bovine tuberculosis (BTB) were also evaluated.

Results: Of the 802 samples analyzed, one milk (0.

Cultural adaptation and validation of the Wexner scale in patients with anal incontinence in a Brazilian population.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Jorge and Wexner devised a questionnaire for anal incontinence (AI), known as the Wexner scale (WS). Specific validated questionnaires are essential for the assessment of symptom severity. The objective was to accomplish the cultural adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the WS.

Antischistosomal and Cytotoxic Effects of the Essential Oil of Tetradenia riparia (Lamiaceae).

This paper reports on the antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil obtained from Tetradenia riparia leaves (TR-EO). At concentrations of 50 and 100 µg/mL, TR-EO killed all the worms after 120 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At a concentration equal to or higher than 50 µg/mL, this oil also separated the coupled pairs and decreased the adult worm motor activity after incubation periods higher than 72 h.

Noncurative Resection for Gastric Cancer Patients: Who Could Benefit? : Determining Prognostic Factors for Patient Selection.

Background: Resections have long been recommended for patients with incurable gastric cancer. However, high morbidity rates and more efficient chemotherapy regimens have demanded more accurate patient selection. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of gastric cancer patients treated with noncurative resection in a single cancer center.