Exploring the Roles of Trust, Attitudes, and Motivations in COVID-19 Decision-Making and Vaccination Likelihood: Insights from the Louisiana Community Engagement Alliance (LA-CEAL) Community-Academic-Public Health-Practice (CAPP) Partnership.

Given the increasing integration of trusted leaders in public health science, including vaccination programs, context-specific understandings of community perceptions and levels of trust are critical to intervention. This study aimed to understand the perspectives and attitudes of the southeastern Louisiana community and inform the development of a community-engaged action plan. A cross-sectional survey of 555 southeastern Louisianans-including faith-based organization (FBO) members, community pharmacy (CommRx) customers, community-based organization (CBO) contacts, and Louisiana community-dwelling residents-was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021.

Nasal microbiota predictors for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus colonization in critically ill children.

Background: Surveillance cultures to identify patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recommended at pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission but doesn't capture other methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and is resource intensive. We determined the prevalence and identified nasal microbiome predictors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus colonization at the time of PICU admission.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study was performed in a 20-bed pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between 2020-2021.

Gaawaadhi Gadudha: exploring how cultural camps support health and wellbeing among Aboriginal adults in New South Wales Australia, a qualitative study.

Background: Culture and its practice is a recognised, but not well understood factor, in Aboriginal health and wellbeing. Our study aimed to explore how health and wellbeing are phenomenologically connected to cultural practices, foods, medicines, languages, and Country, through the platform of 'on-Country' camps facilitated by Aboriginal cultural knowledge holders in NSW, Australia.

Methods: Our study is based on a collaboration between knowledge holders from freshwater and saltwater cultures, and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers.

Measuring the health and wellbeing impacts of cultural camps among Aboriginal adults: preliminary evidence from the Gaawaadhi Gadudha Research Collaborative.

Background: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' have sustained their cultural practices for over 60,000 years which fundamentally impacts their health and wellbeing. Recent literature emphasizes cultural connection as a contributor to good public health, yet the mechanisms through which cultural engagement promotes health and wellbeing remain underexplored. This study investigates the health and wellbeing outcomes associated with Aboriginal peoples' participation in cultural camps in New South Wales (Australia), focusing on the role of cultural determinants of health.

Redefining the gap in Aboriginal health: from deficit to cultural connection.

This article is written from the perspectives of a Yuwaalaraay/Gamilaraay cultural knowledge holder and a Yuin Djirringanj cultural knowledge holder from New South Wales, Australia. It explores the concept of cultural health, and the need to shift towards centring culture in every aspect of Aboriginal health and wellbeing. The three elements of cultural health are discussed as Country which includes lands, waters, skies, and all entities within; people, and their freedom, and ability to express and maintain continuing connections to culture and Country; and culture which encompasses identity, language, and knowledges, and is maintained and strengthened through active connection to Country, and cultural practices.

Relationships between social determinants of health and healthy body composition among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in the Next Generation: Youth Well-being study.

Issue Addressed: Little is currently known about the relationships between body composition and the social determinants of health among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth in Australia, which could help inform policy responses to address health inequities.

Methods: This study aimed to explore the relationship between various social factors and healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth aged 16-24 years. Baseline survey data from 531 participants of the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' were used.

Osteopontin deletion attenuates cyst growth but exacerbates fibrosis in mice with cystic kidney disease.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional glycoprotein that coordinates the innate immune response, prevents nanocrystal formation in renal tubule fluid, and is a biomarker for kidney injury. OPN expression is markedly increased in cystic epithelial cells of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) kidneys; however, its role in PKD progression remains unclear. We investigated the in vitro effects of recombinant OPN on the proliferation of tubular epithelial cells from PKD and normal human kidneys and in vivo effects of OPN deletion on kidney cyst formation, fibrosis, and mineral metabolism in pcy/pcy mice, a non-orthologous model of autosomal-dominant PKD.

Self-Reported Sobriety Labels: Perspectives from Alumni of Inpatient Addiction Treatment.

Background: There is a lack of consensus in the addiction field as to how to refer to alumni of residential treatment who no longer use substances or who reduce their use. In the literature, this label and broader identity are typically discussed in technical (amount and frequency of use) or social terms (environment and social network changes).

Objective: The current paper seeks to simplify the discussion by focusing on personal labels without complex technical or social considerations.

Management of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancers.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. With increasing imaging utilization, there has been an increase in the recognition of small, indolent cancers that would otherwise go undiagnosed. Historically, the surgical recommendation for all patients with thyroid cancer was a total thyroidectomy.

Skeletal muscle mass and quality in gout patients versus non-gout controls: A computed tomography imaging study.

Objective: Patients with gout are at elevated risk of multiple vascular and metabolic comorbidities. Whether they are also at risk of sarcopenia, which is known to affect patients with other rheumatic diseases, has not been previously assessed. We examined whether patients with gout have decreased lumbar muscle quality and quantity, indicating an association between gout and sarcopenia.

Tumor integrin targeted theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles for delivery of caffeic acid phenethyl ester: preparation, characterization, and anti-myeloma activities.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells preferentially in the bone marrow. Currently, emerging chemotherapy drugs with improved biosafety profiles, such as immunomodulatory agents and protease inhibitors, have been used in clinics to treat MM in both initial therapy or maintenance therapy post autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We previously discovered that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a water-insoluble natural compound, inhibited the growth of MM cells by inducing oxidative stress.

An Implementation Approach to Translating Assessment Data into Treatment for Disorders of Addiction.

Effective translation of data to inform real-time patient care is lacking in addiction inpatient settings. The current study presents the optimization of an assessment report that is used by clinicians to individualize treatment. A multi-aim, iterative approach was taken, utilizing an implementation science perspective to arrive at a final version of the assessment report.

The value equation for specialist palliative care: design and delivery principles.

The value of specialist palliative care (SPC) is multi-faceted. Patients, families, healthcare providers, health systems and payors all benefit in different ways when SPC is included in the care of those with serious illness; they all have a shared interest in the availability and success of SPC. We propose a new value equation for SPC: SPC services must employ optimal design and standardized delivery of SPC to ensure that the payment model, care model, and needs of the patients are all aligned; and suitable payment models are necessary to provide stable, sustainable resources for the interdisciplinary palliative care teams; when these conditions are met, the cascade of beneficial outcomes of SPC can be produced reliably.

Gaawaadhi Gadudha: understanding how cultural camps impact health, well-being and resilience among Aboriginal adults in New South Wales, Australia-a collaborative study protocol.

Introduction: The health and well-being of Aboriginal Australians is inextricably linked to culture and Country. Our study challenges deficit approaches to health inequities by seeking to examine how cultural connection, practice and resilience among Aboriginal peoples through participation in 'cultural camps' held on sites of cultural significance promotes health and well-being.

Methods And Analysis: The study will be undertaken in close collaboration and under the governance of traditional cultural knowledge holders from Yuwaalaraay, Gamilaraay and Yuin nation groups in New South Wales, Australia.

Pipeline Therapies for Gout.

Purpose Of Review: Despite effective available treatments, gout management is often unsuccessful in getting patients to target serum urate goal and in managing flares in the setting of comorbidities. Studies addressing future treatment options for short- and long-term management are reviewed.

Recent Findings: URAT-1 blocking agents have been helpful but have had limitations related to effects on renal function, lack of efficacy with renal impairment, and potential to increase renal stones.

Therapeutic aspects of Connection to Country and cultural landscapes among Aboriginal peoples from the Stolen Generations living in urban NSW, Australia.

Unlabelled: Objectives and importance of the study: Most older Aboriginal peoples live in urban locations. Many of these people were displaced by the policies and practices that produced the Stolen Generations. As a result, access to 'Country' and cultural landscapes that are minimally impacted by urbanisation can be limited for older Aboriginal peoples, restricting the health and wellbeing benefits these environments promote.

Adapting, Implementing, and Maintaining a Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Program at an Inpatient Addiction Treatment Facility.

Background: Quality training is an oft-cited barrier to effective implementation and ongoing delivery of high-quality evidence-based practice (EBP) across fields. This is especially true in the addiction field, but there is little cited evidence for optimal methods to improve EBP in inpatient addiction facilities with minimal resources.

Objective: The current paper focuses on evaluating the state of our facility's group CBT manual and clinical training on the manual in a "realistic" (ie, non-RCT, non-grant-funded) inpatient addiction treatment setting.

Health behaviours associated with healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia in the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study'.

This study described the distribution of healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia aged 10-24 years and examined associations with health behaviours and self-rated health. Data were cross-sectional from the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' baseline (N = 1294). We used robust Poisson regression to quantify associations of self-reported health behaviours (physical activity, screen time, sleep, consumption of vegetables, fruit, soft drinks and fast food, and tobacco smoking and alcohol) and self-rated health to healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR).

Notch3 deletion regulates HIV-1 gene expression and systemic inflammation to ameliorate chronic kidney disease.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased HIV-1 associated morbidity. However, despite ART, immune cells remain latently infected and slowly release viral proteins, leading to chronic inflammation and HIV-1 associated comorbidities. New strategies are needed to target viral proteins and inflammation.

Polycystin-1 Interacting Protein-1 (CU062) Interacts with the Ectodomain of Polycystin-1 (PC1).

The gene, encoding protein polycystin-1 (PC1), is responsible for 85% of cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). PC1 has been shown to be present in urinary exosome-like vesicles (PKD-ELVs) and lowered in individuals with germline mutations. A label-free mass spectrometry comparison of urinary PKD-ELVs from normal individuals and those with mutations showed that several proteins were reduced to a degree that matched the decrease observed in PC1 levels.

Walking Exercise Sustainability Through Telehealth for Veterans With Lower-Limb Amputation: A Study Protocol.

Objective: This randomized controlled superiority trial will determine if an 18-month telehealth walking exercise self-management program produces clinically meaningful changes in walking exercise sustainability compared to attention-control education for veterans living with lower-limb amputation.

Methods: Seventy-eight participants with lower-limb amputation (traumatic or nontraumatic) aged 50 to 89 years will be enrolled. Two groups will complete 6 one-on-one intervention sessions, and 6 group sessions over an 18-month intervention period.

Clinical trial participation among underserved communities: Insights from the Louisiana Community Engagement Alliance.

Background: Diverse, equitable and inclusive participation in clinical research is needed to ensure evidence-based clinical practice and lessen disparities in health outcomes. Yet, clinical trial participation remains critically low in minoritized communities, particularly among Blacks. The Louisiana Community Engagement Alliance against COVID-19 Disparities (LA-CEAL) was launched in response to the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Black Louisianans to understand community barriers and preferences and increase inclusive participation in research.

The Obesity Paradox in Thyroid Surgery: Is Higher BMI Protective Against Hypoparathyroidism?

Background: With a demonstrated association between adiposity and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, we hypothesized that patients with a higher body mass index (BMI) would have lower rates of postoperative hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy.

Methods: retrospective review of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy from 2015 to 2021. Demographics, BMI, surgical indications, and laboratory data including pre- and postoperative PTH values were examined.

N-acetyl-L-leucine for Niemann-Pick type C: a multinational double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover study.

Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare autosomal recessive neurodegenerative lysosomal disease characterized by multiple symptoms such as progressive cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline. The modified amino acid N-acetyl-leucine has been associated with positive symptomatic and neuroprotective, disease-modifying effects in various studies, including animal models of NPC, observational clinical case studies, and a multinational, rater-blinded phase IIb clinical trial. Here, we describe the development of a study protocol (Sponsor Code "IB1001-301") for the chronic treatment of symptoms in adult and pediatric patients with NPC.