A precursor experience of the SUS with the participation of Paulo Freire.

The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire's Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country's re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective.

A prospective, multicentre, cohort study to assess the incidence of dengue illness in households from selected communities in Brazil (2014-2018).

Objectives: To estimate the incidence of dengue infection across geographically distinct areas of Brazil.

Methods: This prospective, household-based, cohort study enrolled participants in five areas and followed them up for up to 4 years (2014-2018). Dengue seroprevalence was assessed at each scheduled visit.

Occupational Exposure to Potentially Infectious Biological Material Among Physicians, Dentists, and Nurses at a University.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of accidents with biological material, the level of knowledge, and compliance to standard precautions (SPs) among dentists, physicians, nurses, and dental and medical students.

Methods: A closed cohort study with a prospective and retrospective component was conducted between August 2014 and September 2015. The participants were contacted in two moments during the follow-up period, during which a structured questionnaire divided into six sections was used; the interviews were conducted during the follow-up period (Month 6) and at the end of the observation period (Month 12).

Bartonella henselae bacteremia diagnosed post-mortem in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient.

This study involves a 49-year-old male, who for three years suffered with a myelodysplastic syndrome and who needed frequent blood transfusions. One day following a transfusion, he presented fever and abdominal pain. The fever became persistent and only improved temporarily with two cycles of intravenous ciprofloxacin.

Cost-utility analysis of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in the Brazilian national health system.

Background: Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) has been used for decades in different countries to reduce hospitalization rates, with favorable clinical and economic outcomes. This study assesses the cost-utility of OPAT compared to inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (IPAT) from the perspective of a public university hospital and the Brazilian National Health System (Unified Health System -SUS).

Methods: Prospective study with adult patients undergoing OPAT at an infusion center, compared to IPAT.

Detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii by nested PCR in HIV-negative patients with pulmonary disease.

Background: Nested PCR can be used to determine the status of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in other lung diseases.

Aims: This study sought to detect a target DNA fragment (mitochondrial large subunit rRNA or mtL SUrRNA) of P. jirovecii in patients with lung disease who underwent bronchoscopy with collection of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Development of a Multiplex PCR Test with Automated Genotyping Targeting E7 for Detection of Six High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses.

Cervical cancer is caused by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and viral detection tests aid in the diagnosis of precursor lesions. In the present study, a molecular test for detection of high-risk HPV DNA, called E7-HPV, was standardized and assessed in samples from women with pre-cancerous lesions. The development of the E7-HPV test for detection and genotyping of six high-risk HPV (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 45 and 52), consisted of evaluating primer quality and adjusting the multiplex PCR conditions.

[Knowledge of and compliance with universal precautions: students dealing with biohazards in Brazil and Colombia].

Objective To assess scales of adherence to universal precautions and means of knowledge transmission among healthcare students in Brazil and Colombia. Methods We conducted a pilot study to validate the questionnaire that started a cohort study. Twenty-six students in Colombia and 25 in Brazil were intentionally selected.

Abnormalities in body composition and nutritional status in HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy.

This cross-sectional study aimed to compare growth, nutritional status and body composition outcomes between a group of 94 HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 364 healthy controls, and to evaluate their association with clinical and lifestyle variables within the HIV-infected group. When compared with the control group, HIV patients had higher risk of stunting (odds ratio [OR] 5.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.

Chagas' disease and HIV co-infection in patients without effective antiretroviral therapy: prevalence, clinical presentation and natural history.

The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence of Chagas' disease among HIV seropositive patients and to define the clinical profile of co-infected cases. Cross-sectional study: the prevalence of co-infected subjects was 1.3% and there was no significant difference between co-infected and non co-infected patients relative to race, birthplace, home address and CD4 T cells.

Aetiological treatment with itraconazole or ketoconazole in individuals with Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection.

Two Brazilian cases of Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection have recently been treated with azole derivatives. Benznidazole, the drug generally used for the treatment of Chagas disease, was initially used in one case but discontinued because of an adverse effect (retrobulbar neuritis) and replaced by itraconazole. The other case had oesophageal candidiasis, which was treated with ketoconazole, a drug that had already been shown to be effective in the treatment of Chagas disease.

[Fatal evolution of Chagas'disease/Aids co-infection: diagnostic difficulties between myocarditis reactivation and chronic chagasic myocardiopathy].

Chagas disease is a type of parasitosis caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is transmitted by triatomine insects. This disease is found between the southern United States to Argentina and approximately 14 million people in Latin America are believed to be infected, predominantly with the chronic form of the disease. Reactivation of Chagas disease can occur among immunosuppressed patients, as has been observed among AIDS patients.

Clinical and microbiological assessment of patients with a long-term diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida oral colonization.

The objective of this study was to evaluate Candida oral colonization in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients undergoing long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (ARV). The cross-sectional study included 331 HIV patients, diagnosed from 1983 to 2003. Oral swabs were performed, and Candida species were determined using ID 32C.

Treatment of human papillomavirus with peg-interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin.

We reported one case of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus co-infected patient who presented a significant improvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions during the treatment of chronic hepatitis using peg-interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin.

Haptoglobin polymorphism in a HIV-1 seropositive Brazilian population.

Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) is a plasma protein with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Three main genotypes/phenotypes (Hp1-1, Hp2-1, Hp2-2) show distinctive efficiencies in their activities and have been related to susceptibility and outcome in different diseases, including HIV infection.

Objective: To compare Hp genotype distribution between HIV-1 seropositive patients and healthy controls.

Evaluation of Fusarium solani hyphae and conidia susceptibility to amphotericin B and itraconazole: study of a clinical case.

Fusarium species are hyaline moulds belonging to the hyalohyphomycosis group that are usually found in the soil and plants. This organism has emerged as a cause of disseminated invasive disease. The correlation between in vitro value and clinical efficacy is low and many patients remain unresponsive to treatment despite in vitro susceptibility.

Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Chaetomium globosum in an allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient.

Bone marrow transplant recipients are highly susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections. This is the report, of the first case of a Chaetomium systemic infection described in Brazil. A 34 year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia underwent an allogeneic sibling matched bone marrow transplant.

Viral hepatitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

From 1992 to 1995 we studied 232 (69% male, 87% Caucasian) anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) positive Brazilian patients, through a questionnaire; HIV had been acquired sexually by 50%, from blood by 32%, sexually and/or from blood by 16.4% and by an unknown route by 1.7%.

Nasal MRSA colonization of AIDS Patients cared for in a Brazilian university hospital.

Weekly culture surveillance was conducted over a 2-year period to determine the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients cared for in a day-care unit and in an infectious diseases unit. Analysis of genomic DNA profiles showed a predominant pattern in both units.

Atypical Cryptococcus neoformans isolate from an HIV-infected patient in Brazil.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an important fungal pathogen in immunocompromised hosts. Capsulation, urease and melanin synthesis activity of the fungus are well known virulence factors. Although artificial melanin-deficient mutants of Cr.

Effect of Antifungal Agents on Candida spp. and Pichia anomala Isolated from Oropharyngeal Candidiasis of AIDS Patients in a University Hospital in Brazil.

In order to determine the clinical significance of oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS patients, 44 isolates collected from individual clinical episodes were evaluated. The isolates were identified by microbiologic standard methods and in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing was evaluated for amphotericin B, fluconazole, flucytosine, miconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Candida albicans ATCC90028 was used as control for the MICs.

A new PCR primer for the identification of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis based on rRNA sequences coding the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and 5 x 8S regions.

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genes including the 5.8S ribosomal (r)RNA of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis were amplified and the DNA sequences were determined. Based on a comparison of the sequence information, a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair was designed for specific amplification of DNA for P.

Colorimetric MTT assessment of antifungal activity of D0870 against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.

The in vitro antifungal activity of D0870 against eight isolates of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans was compared with that of itraconazole, ketoconazole and miconazole. The colorimetric MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay was used to assess the antifungal activities. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) of D0870 was below 0.