Intraoperative ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery: A performance analysis on the basis of novel cancer lesion classification and patients' cosmetic satisfaction.

Background: Intraoperative ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery guarantees real-time direct visualization of tumor and resection margins. We compared surgical, oncologic, and cosmetic outcomes between intraoperative ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery and traditional (palpation- or wire-guided) surgery across all breast cancer lesion types.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at the Veneto Institute of Oncology between January 2021 and October 2022.

Nodal Burden and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Residual Isolated Tumor Cells After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (ypN0i+): The OPBC-05/ICARO Study.

Purpose: The nodal burden of patients with residual isolated tumor cells (ITCs) in the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (ypN0i+) is unknown, and axillary management is not standardized. We investigated rates of additional positive lymph nodes (LNs) at axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and oncologic outcomes in patients with ypN0i+ treated with and without ALND.

Methods: The Oncoplastic Breast Consortium-05/ICARO cohort study (ClinicalTrials.

Methamphetamine-Induced Blood Pressure Sensitization Correlates with Morphological Alterations within A1/C1 Catecholamine Neurons.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse, which induces behavioral sensitization following repeated doses. Since METH alters blood pressure, in the present study we assessed whether systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) are sensitized as well. In this context, we investigated whether alterations develop within A1/C1 neurons in the vasomotor center.

Methamphetamine Increases Tubulo-Vesicular Areas While Dissipating Proteins from Vesicles Involved in Cell Clearance.

Cytopathology induced by methamphetamine (METH) is reminiscent of degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, and it is characterized by membrane organelles arranged in tubulo-vesicular structures. These areas, appearing as clusters of vesicles, have never been defined concerning the presence of specific organelles. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the relative and absolute area of specific membrane-bound organelles following a moderate dose (100 µM) of METH administered to catecholamine-containing PC12 cells.

Surgery Plays a Leading Role in Breast Cancer Treatment for Patients Aged ≥90 Years: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The population aged ≥90 years is increasing worldwide, yet nearly 50% of elderly breast cancer (BC) patients receive suboptimal treatments, resulting in high rates of BC-related mortality. We analyzed clinical and survival outcomes of nonagenarian BC patients to identify effective treatment strategies.

Methods: This single-institution retrospective cohort study analyzed patients aged ≥90 years diagnosed with stage I-III BC between 2007 and 2018.

Different Doses of Methamphetamine Are Needed to Produce Locomotor or Blood Pressure Sensitization in Mice.

Methamphetamine (METH) exposure increases locomotor sensitization. However, no study has explored the occurrence of cardiovascular sensitization. The present study, carried out in mice, analyzed the following: (i) METH sensitization extending to systolic blood pressure (SBP); (ii) a potential correlation between ambulatory and cardiovascular sensitization; and (iii) morphological alterations within meso-striatal, meso-limbic and pontine catecholamine systems including c-fos expression.

In situ stoichiometry amounts of p62 and poly-ubiquitin exceed the increase of alpha-synuclein during degeneration of catecholamine cells induced by autophagy inhibition in vitro.

Neurodegenerative disorders are typically featured by the occurrence of neuronal inclusions. In the case of Parkinson's disease (PD) these correspond to Lewy bodies (LBs), which are routinely defined as proteinaceous inclusions composed of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn). In turn, alpha-syn is considered to be the key protein in producing PD and fostering its progression.

Is There a Place for Lewy Bodies before and beyond Alpha-Synuclein Accumulation? Provocative Issues in Need of Solid Explanations.

In the last two decades, alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) assumed a prominent role as a major component and seeding structure of Lewy bodies (LBs). This concept is driving ongoing research on the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). In line with this, alpha-syn is considered to be the guilty protein in the disease process, and it may be targeted through precision medicine to modify disease progression.

Damage to the Locus Coeruleus Alters the Expression of Key Proteins in Limbic Neurodegeneration.

The present investigation was designed based on the evidence that, in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), damage to the locus coeruleus (LC) arising norepinephrine (NE) axons (LC-NE) is documented and hypothesized to foster the onset and progression of neurodegeneration within target regions. Specifically, the present experiments were designed to assess whether selective damage to LC-NE axons may alter key proteins involved in neurodegeneration within specific limbic regions, such as the hippocampus and piriform cortex, compared with the dorsal striatum. To achieve this, a loss of LC-NE axons was induced by the neurotoxin N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP4) in C57 Black mice, as assessed by a loss of NE and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase within target regions.

Combined light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to quantify methamphetamine-induced alpha-synuclein-related pathology.

Methamphetamine (METH) produces a cytopathology, which is rather specific within catecholamine neurons both in vitro and ex vivo, in animal models and chronic METH abusers. This led some authors to postulate a sort of parallelism between METH cytopathology and cell damage in Parkinson's disease (PD). In fact, METH increases and aggregates alpha-syn proto-fibrils along with producing spreading of alpha-syn.

The Relevance of Autophagy within Inner Ear in Baseline Conditions and Tinnitus-Related Syndromes.

Tinnitus is the perception of noise in the absence of acoustic stimulation (phantom noise). In most patients suffering from chronic peripheral tinnitus, an alteration of outer hair cells (OHC) starting from the stereocilia (SC) occurs. This is common following ototoxic drugs, sound-induced ototoxicity, and acoustic degeneration.

Intraoperative Ultrasound-Guided Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer: No More Time for Blind Surgery.

Background: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) still remains a blind surgery despite all available tumor localization methods. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) allows real-time visualization during all resection phases.

Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted at the Veneto Institute of Oncology between January 2021 and June 2022.

Curcumin as a Perspective Protection for Retinal Pigment Epithelium during Autophagy Inhibition in the Course of Retinal Degeneration.

Defective autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is involved in retinal degeneration, mostly in the course of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is an increasingly prevalent retinal disorder, eventually leading to blindness. However, most autophagy activators own serious adverse effects when administered systemically. Curcumin is a phytochemical, which induces autophagy with a wide dose-response curve, which brings minimal side effects.

Autophagy Activation Promoted by Pulses of Light and Phytochemicals Counteracting Oxidative Stress during Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The seminal role of autophagy during age-related macular degeneration (AMD) lies in the clearance of a number of reactive oxidative species that generate dysfunctional mitochondria. In fact, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retina generate misfolded proteins, alter lipids and sugars composition, disrupt DNA integrity, damage cell organelles and produce retinal inclusions while causing AMD. This explains why autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), mostly at the macular level, is essential in AMD and even in baseline conditions to provide a powerful and fast replacement of oxidized molecules and ROS-damaged mitochondria.

The Essential Role of Light-Induced Autophagy in the Inner Choroid/Outer Retinal Neurovascular Unit in Baseline Conditions and Degeneration.

The present article discusses the role of light in altering autophagy, both within the outer retina (retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, and the outer segment of photoreceptors) and the inner choroid (Bruch's membrane, BM, endothelial cells and the pericytes of choriocapillaris, CC). Here autophagy is needed to maintain the high metabolic requirements and to provide the specific physiological activity sub-serving the process of vision. Activation or inhibition of autophagy within RPE strongly depends on light exposure and it is concomitant with activation or inhibition of the outer segment of the photoreceptors.

Autophagy Activation Associates with Suppression of Prion Protein and Improved Mitochondrial Status in Glioblastoma Cells.

Cells from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) feature up-regulation of the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), which brings deleterious effects on malignancy and disease course. At the cellular level, up-regulation of mTOR affects a number of downstream pathways and suppresses autophagy, which is relevant for the neurobiology of GBM. In fact, autophagy acts on several targets, such as protein clearance and mitochondrial status, which are key in promoting the malignancy GBM.

Chronic treatment with corticosterone increases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing cells within specific nuclei of the brainstem reticular formation.

Cushing's syndrome is due to increased glucocorticoid levels in the body, and it is characterized by several clinical alterations which concern both vegetative and behavioral functions. The anatomical correlates of these effects remain largely unknown. Apart from peripheral effects induced by corticosteroids as counter-insular hormones, only a few reports are available concerning the neurobiology of glucocorticoid-induced vegetative and behavioral alterations.

Alterations of Mitochondrial Structure in Methamphetamine Toxicity.

Recent evidence shows that methamphetamine (METH) produces mitochondrial alterations that contribute to neurotoxicity. Nonetheless, most of these studies focus on mitochondrial activity, whereas mitochondrial morphology remains poorly investigated. In fact, morphological evidence about the fine structure of mitochondria during METH toxicity is not available.

A multidisciplinary care unit approach for the management of psoriatic arthritis: an Italian experience.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can produce disabling joint symptoms, adding significantly to the physical and psychosocial burden of psoriasis. Early detection is important to allow the development of an appropriate care plan to delay the onset of PsA and maximize the patient's quality of life. Our aim was to present the criteria, based on evidence and expert opinion, for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of PsA in a patient already characterized by skin manifestation.

Within the Ischemic Penumbra, Sub-Cellular Compartmentalization of Heat Shock Protein 70 Overlaps with Autophagy Proteins and Fails to Merge with Lysosomes.

The brain area which surrounds the frankly ischemic region is named the . In this area, most cells are spared although their oxidative metabolism is impaired. is routinely detected by immunostaining of a molecule named Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70).