Blood-Derived Exosomal hTERT mRNA in Patients with Lung Cancer: Characterization and Correlation with Response to Therapy.

Telomerase (human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is considered a hallmark of cancer, being active in cancer cells but repressed in human somatic cells. As such, it has the potential to serve as a valid cancer biomarker. Exosomal hTERT mRNA can be detected in the serum of patients with solid malignancies but not in healthy individuals.

T Cells Expressing a Modified FcγRI Exert Antibody-Dependent Cytotoxicity and Overcome the Limitations of CAR T-cell Therapy against Solid Tumors.

The pioneering design of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy demonstrated the potential of reprogramming the immune system. Nonetheless, T-cell exhaustion, toxicity, and suppressive microenvironments limit their efficacy in solid tumors. We previously characterized a subset of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells expressing the FcγRI receptor.

Transient cell-in-cell formation underlies tumor relapse and resistance to immunotherapy.

Despite the remarkable successes of cancer immunotherapies, the majority of patients will experience only partial response followed by relapse of resistant tumors. While treatment resistance has frequently been attributed to clonal selection and immunoediting, comparisons of paired primary and relapsed tumors in melanoma and breast cancers indicate that they share the majority of clones. Here, we demonstrate in both mouse models and clinical human samples that tumor cells evade immunotherapy by generating unique transient cell-in-cell structures, which are resistant to killing by T cells and chemotherapies.

New Insights into Macular Type of Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma: Extension of the Clinical and Histopathological Patterns.

Background: Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) classically presents with papules, plaques, and nodules/tumors. Previous reports of PCBCL manifesting with macular lesions are scarce and focused on primary cutaneous follicle-center cell lymphoma (PCFCL).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to report our experience with PCBCL presenting with erythematous macules.

Tumor-reactive antibodies evolve from non-binding and autoreactive precursors.

The tumor microenvironment hosts antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) associated with a favorable prognosis in several types of cancer. Patient-derived antibodies have diagnostic and therapeutic potential; yet, it remains unclear how antibodies gain autoreactivity and target tumors. Here, we found that somatic hypermutations (SHMs) promote antibody antitumor reactivity against surface autoantigens in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).

Paediatric mycosis fungoides - characteristics, management and outcomes with particular focus on the folliculotropic variant.

Background: The literature on paediatric mycosis fungoides (MF) and especially its folliculotropic variant (FMF) is sparse.

Objectives: To describe the clinical manifestations, treatments, outcomes and long-term course of paediatric MF, including FMF.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of all consecutive MF patients diagnosed at ≤18 years attending two medical centres in 1995-2015.

Searching for the emotional roots of breast cancer: A cross-disciplinary analysis integrating psychology, Chinese medicine, and oncology biomarkers.

Objective: We employed a multidisciplinary approach incorporating theoretical ideas, clinical experience, psychology, physiology, traditional Chinese medicine (CM), modern practice of CM, and oncology to explore the effect of patients' repression of negative emotions and traumatic events on breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis.

Methods: BC female patients, older than 18 years of age, with available pathology reports who were treated at Rabin Medical Center were recruited. All participants completed questionnaires regarding medical history, behavioral tendencies, negative emotions, trauma, symptoms, and pathology (from a CM perspective).

Primary Dermal Melanoma (PDM): Histological and Clinical Interdependence to Guide Therapy.

Background/purpose: This study examined clinical and histological parameters of primary dermal melanoma (PDM) to aid in its distinction from dermal metastasis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of PDM patients. Includes patients fulfilling the strict histologic criteria for PDM ( = 9) and patients who did not, but clinically, unequivocally had an intradermal melanoma-clinical PDM (cPDM; = 17).

Vascular lesions in genital lichen sclerosus in pediatric patients.

Background/objectives: Lichen sclerosus is a rare, pruritic, mucocutaneous disease affecting mostly the anogenital area. Reports have occasionally associated lichen sclerosus with overlapping vascular lesions. This study explores this association in children.

Stage-dependent Increase in Expression of miR-155 and Ki-67 and Number of Tumour-associated Inflammatory Cells in Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides.

Recent studies suggest that folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF), the most common variant of mycosis fungoides (MF), presents with 2 distinct clinicopathological stages: early indolent stage and more aggressive advanced/tumour stage. To further characterize these stages, miR-155 expression was studied with qRT-PCR and found to be significantly higher in biopsies of tumour-stage FMF compared with early-stage FMF and inflammatory dermatoses. There was no statistically significant difference in miR-155 expression between early-stage FMF and early-stage MF, nor between tumour-stage FMF and tumour-stage MF.

Melanoma-Secreted Lysosomes Trigger Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cell Apoptosis and Limit Cancer Immunotherapy.

The recent success of checkpoint blockade therapies has established immunotherapy as one of the most promising treatments for melanoma. Nonetheless, a complete curative response following immunotherapy is observed only in a fraction of patients. To identify what factors limit the efficacy of immunotherapies, we established mouse models that cease to respond to immunotherapies once their tumors exceed a certain stage.

The Utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: Whole-body integrated positron emission tomography / contrast-enhanced computed tomography (PET/CT) scan is increasingly used in cutaneous lymphomas. However, the value of PET/CT in the detection of cutaneous lesions in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma (PCBCL) has barely been investigated.

Objectives: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of PET/CT in tracking cutaneous involvement in PCBCL.

Unilesional mycosis fungoides is associated with increased expression of microRNA-17~92 and T helper 1 skewing.

Background: The molecular basis of unilesional mycosis fungoides (MF), characterized by a solitary lesion that is clinicopathologically indistinguishable from multifocal patch or plaque MF (early MF), is unknown.

Objectives: To investigate the microRNA profile in unilesional MF distinguishing it from early MF.

Methods: Biopsy samples of unilesional MF and early MF were evaluated with the Affymetrix microRNA array, with further comparison with inflammatory dermatosis, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Treatment of Early Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides with Special Focus on Psoralen plus Ultraviolet A.

Data on the treatment of early folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, a recently defined clinicopathological subgroup of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with an indolent course, is limited. Treatment outcomes were studied in a retrospective cohort of 47 adults with early folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, with a focus on psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) monotherapy, including dosimetric data, and the findings were compared with data for PUVA in 18 adults with early-classic mycosis fungoides. PUVA was given to 27 patients with early folliculotropic mycosis fungoides: 70% achieved complete response and 26% partial response.

Doxorubicin-Eluting Intra-Arterial Therapy for Pediatric Extra-Abdominal Desmoid Fibromatoses: A Promising Approach for a Perplexing Disease.

Systemic doxorubicin is effective for desmoid fibromatosis (DF), but its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. A protocol of selective intra-arterial doxorubicin drug-eluting embolization (DEE) was designed to maximize target tissue efficacy of doxorubicin, while minimizing systemic exposure. Four children with recurrent or refractory DF were treated between 2014 and 2017.

Malignant melanoma clinically mimicking pyogenic granuloma: comparison of clinical evaluation and histopathology.

Amelanotic melanomas (AMMs) account for a small proportion of all melanomas. They pose a risk of delayed diagnosis and, consequently, poor prognosis. AMMs may atypically present as a pyogenic granuloma-like lesion.

Acinic Cell Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland in Children and Adolescents.

Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare low-grade malignant neoplasm. Data on children are sparse. For the present study, the database of a tertiary pediatric medical center was reviewed for all patients with parotid gland acinic cell carcinoma diagnosed and treated between 2004 and 2013.

Prognostic relevance of miR-124-3p and its target TP53INP1 in pediatric ependymoma.

Ependymoma is a malignant pediatric brain tumor, often incurable under the current treatment regimen. We aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs (miRs) in pediatric ependymoma tumors in an attempt to identify prognostic molecular markers which would lead to potential therapeutic targets. Following miR-array expression analysis, we focused on 9 miRs that correlated with relapse which were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in a cohort of 67 patients.

Malignant Melanoma in Association With a Thymic Nevus in a Patient With a Giant Congenital Nevus.

Nevi and melanocytic proliferations are known to appear in multiple extracutaneous sites, including lymph nodes and meninges. We report a case of an anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with a giant congenital nevus and neurofibromatosis type I. Histologically, the tumor was found to be a malignant melanoma in the thymus arising in association with a nevus that involved most of the thymic tissue.

Multicentre validation of a microRNA-based assay for diagnosing indeterminate thyroid nodules utilising fine needle aspirate smears.

Aims: The distinction between benign and malignant thyroid nodules has important therapeutic implications. Our objective was to develop an assay that could classify indeterminate thyroid nodules as benign or suspicious, using routinely prepared fine needle aspirate (FNA) cytology smears.

Methods: A training set of 375 FNA smears was used to develop the microRNA-based assay, which was validated using a blinded, multicentre, retrospective cohort of 201 smears.

Paediatric primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: does it differ from its adult counterpart?

Background: Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (PCMZL) has rarely been reported in patients younger than 20 years.

Objectives: To report our experience with PCMZL in the paediatric/adolescent age group.

Methods: Medical records of patients diagnosed with PCMZL before age 20 years and managed at two cutaneous lymphoma clinics in the U.

New insights into folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF): A single-center experience.

Background: It is generally accepted that folliculotropic mycosis fungoides (FMF) is usually typified by indurated plaques and tumors mainly on the head/neck and an aggressive course. However, its clinical manifestations have long been recognized to be quite variable, and some studies indicate a better prognosis for certain presentations.

Objective: We sought to summarize our experience with the clinicopathological presentations of FMF and impact on prognosis.