A New Proposal for Soybean Plant Stand: Variation Based on the Law of the Minimum.

The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to determine the plant stand in the soybean ( L. Merril) crop based on the spatial variability of management units, which are limiting factors in maximizing crop yield. Our objectives were as follows: (I) to evaluate the relationship between soil physical and chemical attributes to establish potential management units for variable-rate seeding; (II) to propose a method for varying plant stands based on the law of minimum soil nutrients; an (III) to relate the interaction between different plant stands on soybean grain yield, taking into account the interaction between the spatial variability of the mapped attributes.

High-throughput phenotyping in maize and soybean genotypes using vegetation indices and computational intelligence.

Building models that allow phenotypic evaluation of complex agronomic traits in crops of global economic interest, such as grain yield (GY) in soybean and maize, is essential for improving the efficiency of breeding programs. In this sense, understanding the relationships between agronomic variables and those obtained by high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) is crucial to this goal. Our hypothesis is that vegetation indices (VIs) obtained from HTP can be used to indirectly measure agronomic variables in annual crops.

Assessing soil CO emission on eucalyptus species using UAV-based reflectance and vegetation indices.

Eucalyptus species play an important role in the global carbon cycle, especially in reducing the greenhouse effect as well as storing atmospheric CO₂. Thus, assessing the amount of CO₂ released by the soil in forest areas can generate important information for environmental monitoring. This study aims to verify the relation between soil carbon dioxide (CO₂) flux (FCO₂), spectral bands, and vegetation indices (VIs) derived from a UAV-based multispectral camera over an area of eucalyptus species.

Flavonoids and their relationship with the physiological quality of seeds from different soybean genotypes.

Flavonoids are compounds that result from the secondary metabolism of plants and play a crucial role in plant development and mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. The highest levels of flavonoids are found in legumes such as soybean. Breeding programs aim to increase desirable traits, such as higher flavonoid contents and vigorous seeds.

High-throughput phenotyping using VIS/NIR spectroscopy in the classification of soybean genotypes for grain yield and industrial traits.

Employing visible and near infrared sensors in high-throughput phenotyping provides insight into the relationship between the spectral characteristics of the leaf and the content of grain properties, helping soybean breeders to direct their program towards improving grain traits according to researchers' interests. Our research hypothesis is that the leaf reflectance of soybean genotypes can be directly related to industrial grain traits such as protein and fiber contents. Thus, the objectives of the study were: (i) to classify soybean genotypes according to the grain yield and industrial traits; (ii) to identify the algorithm(s) with the highest accuracy for classifying genotypes using leaf reflectance as model input; (iii) to identify the best input data for the algorithms to improve their performance.

Reduction of pesticide application via real-time precision spraying.

Farmers focus on reducing the cost of production and aim to increase profit. The objective of this study was to quantify the reduction of pesticides applied to soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and maize (Zea mays L.

High-throughput phenotyping allows the selection of soybean genotypes for earliness and high grain yield.

Background: Precision agriculture techniques are widely used to optimize fertilizer and soil applications. Furthermore, these techniques could also be combined with new statistical tools to assist in phenotyping in breeding programs. In this study, the research hypothesis was that soybean cultivars show phenotypic differences concerning wavelength and vegetation index measurements.

Twenty-year impact of fire foci and its relationship with climate variables in Brazilian regions.

In recent years, Brazil has become a major global contributor to the occurrence of national fires and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the fire foci data of the past 20 years to determine their relationship with climatic variables in various Brazilian regions. The variables evaluated included fire foci, land surface temperature, rainfall, and standardized precipitation index, which were obtained via remote sensing from 2000 to 2019.

Application of remote sensing in environmental impact assessment: a case study of dam rupture in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The collapse of mining tailing dams in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, that occurred in 2019 was one of the worst environmental and social disasters witnessed in the country. In this sense, monitoring any impacted areas both before and after the disaster is crucial to understand the actual scenario and problems of disaster management and environmental impact assessment. In order to find answers to that problem, the aim of this study was to identify and analyze the spatiality of the impacted area by rupture of the tailing dam of the Córrego do Feijão mine in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, by using orbital remote sensing.

Variable-rate in corn sowing for maximizing grain yield.

Sowing density is one of the most influential factors affecting corn yield. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, according to soil attributes, maximum corn productivity can be attained by varying the seed population. Specifically, our objectives were to identify the soil attributes that affect grain yield, in order to generate a model to define the optimum sowing rate as a function of the attributes identified, and determine which vegetative growth indices can be used to predict yield most accurately.

Persistent fire foci in all biomes undermine the Paris Agreement in Brazil.

Brazil is one of the world's biggest emitters of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Fire foci across the country contributes to these emissions and compromises emission reduction targets pledged by Brazil under the Paris Agreement. In this paper, we quantify fire foci, burned areas, and carbon emissions in all Brazilian biomes (i.

Seeding rate in soybean according to the soil apparent electrical conductivity.

This work aimed to study different seeding rates in soybean, at management zones determined by the mapping of the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and its relationships with plant phenology and grain yield (GY). The experiment consisted of a completely randomized design, with six replications. The plant population ranged between 311,000, 360,000, and 422,000 plants ha-1, and the fixed population (360,000 plants ha-1).

Understanding the combining ability for physiological traits in soybean.

Photosynthetic efficiency has become the target of several breeding programs since the positive correlation between photosynthetic rate and yield in soybean suggests that the improvement of photosynthetic efficiency may be a promising target for new yield gains. However, studies on combining ability of soybean genotypes for physiological traits are still scarce in the literature. The objective of this study was to estimate the combining ability of soybean genotypes based on F2 generation aiming to identify superior parents and segregating populations for physiological traits.

Correction: Factors affecting aerial spray drift in the Brazilian Cerrado.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Factors affecting aerial spray drift in the Brazilian Cerrado.

Pesticides aerial application may results in the drift to neighboring areas if some application technology is not well executed. This phenomenon should be minimized to reduce environmental risks and agricultural production costs. This work aimed to investigate the interaction of environmental conditions, surrounding distance, and application conditions influencing spray drift in aerial applications.