Neural representation of allegedly sex-specific human body odor compounds.

Body odors play an important role in nonverbal communication, and particularly in one's attractiveness. However, their central processing remains underexplored, especially as a function of gender. This study aims at identifying the neural networks involved in the processing of two allegedly sex-specific human body odor compounds (3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid, HMHA, and 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol, MSH).

Harvesting, revascularization and innervation of a laryngeal transplant.

The authors detail the harvesting, revascularization and innervation technique in the first French laryngeal transplant. To our knowledge, the detailed technique for harvesting the graft, probably the most important stage in laryngeal transplantation, has never before been described in the literature.

Synthesis of β-lactam-zidovudine pronucleosides as potential selective narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents.

Since the discovery of penicillin, the forerunner of the most widely used class of antibiotics ( β-lactams), natural compounds and their derivatives represented a major source of antibacterial therapeutic products whose availability enabled modern medical practices (invasive surgery, organ transplant, .). However, the relentless emergence of resistant bacteria is challenging the long-term efficacy of antibiotics, also decreasing their economic attractiveness for big pharma, leading to a significant decay in antibacterial development in the 21 century and an increased use of last-resort drugs such as carbapenems or colistin.

C-section and systemic inflammation synergize to disrupt the neonatal gut microbiota and brain development in a model of prematurity.

Infants born very preterm (below 28 weeks of gestation) are at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual deficiency, autism spectrum disorders, and attention deficit. Preterm birth often occurs in the context of perinatal systemic inflammation due to chorioamnionitis and postnatal sepsis. In addition, C-section is often performed for very preterm neonates to avoid hypoxia during a vaginal delivery.

ChiA: a major player in the virulence of Crohn's disease-associated adherent and invasive (AIEC).

We investigated the role of ChiA and its associated polymorphisms in the interaction between Crohn's disease (CD)-associated adherent-invasive (AIEC) and intestinal mucosa. We observed a higher abundance of among the metagenome of CD patients compared to healthy subjects. In dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice model, AIEC-LF82∆ colonization was reduced in ileal, colonic and fecal samples compared to wild-type LF82.

Transfontanellar shear wave elastography of the neonatal brain for quantitative evaluation of white matter damage.

Cerebral white matter damage (WMD) is the most frequent brain lesion observed in infants surviving premature birth. Qualitative B-mode cranial ultrasound (cUS) is widely used to assess brain integrity at bedside. Its limitations include lower discriminatory power to predict long-term outcomes compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Quantification of brain-wide vascular resistivity via ultrafast Doppler in human neonates helps early detection of white matter injury.

Preterm birth is associated with cerebrovascular development disruption and can induce white matter injuries (WMI). Transfontanellar ultrasound Doppler is the most widely used clinical imaging technique to monitor neonatal cerebral vascularisation and haemodynamics based on vascular indexes such as the resistivity index (RI); however, it has poor predictive value for brain damage. Indeed, these RI measurements are currently limited to large vessels, leading to a very limited probing of the brain's vascularisation, which may hinder prognosis.

Laryngeal graft after total laryngectomy in humans: A SWiM analysis.

Evaluation of the results of laryngeal transplantation (LT) in humans. Analysis of 3 bibliographic databases with the keywords "larynx, transplantation, autograft". In total, 626 abstracts were read and 25 articles selected.

Multi-Modal Data Correspondence for the 4D Analysis of the Spine with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional spinal deformity that evolves during adolescence. Combined with static 3D X-ray acquisitions, novel approaches using motion capture allow for the analysis of the patient dynamics. However, as of today, they cannot provide an internal analysis of the spine in motion.

A Pilot Study to Develop Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Mouse Model.

Modeling paraneoplastic neurological diseases to understand the immune mechanisms leading to neuronal death is a major challenge given the rarity and terminal access of patients' autopsies. Here, we present a pilot study aiming at modeling paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration with Yo autoantibodies (Yo-PCD). Female mice were implanted with an ovarian carcinoma cell line expressing CDR2 and CDR2L, the known antigens recognized by anti-Yo antibodies.

A New Animal Model of Laryngeal Transplantation.

Only three laryngeal transplants have been described in the literature to date, and none of the techniques has enabled a completely satisfactory functional result to be obtained. This article presents a new model of laryngeal transplantation, with quality of revascularisation of the transplant being the principal objective and optimisation of the various steps of the procedure, with the integration of a new reinnervation technique as a secondary objective. We present a preclinical animal study.

The RAI-6 Questionnaire: A New Screening Questionnaire to Monitor Complications of Radioiodine Treatment.

The aim of this study is to develop a simple and efficient screening questionnaire to be able to routinely monitor potential radioiodine therapy-induced complications. A new radioiodine 6 (RAI-6) questionnaire containing six questions adressing salivary, ocular, and nasal symptoms as well as quality of life was developed. Validation of the RAI-6 questionnaire was assessed with a group of fifty-four patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated post-operatively with radioiodine therapy, and in a group of fifty healthy volunteers.

Sequential actions of EOMES and T-BET promote stepwise maturation of natural killer cells.

EOMES and T-BET are related T-box transcription factors that control natural killer (NK) cell development. Here we demonstrate that EOMES and T-BET regulate largely distinct gene sets during this process. EOMES is dominantly expressed in immature NK cells and drives early lineage specification by inducing hallmark receptors and functions.

Novel Multidisciplinary Salivary Gland Society (MSGS) Questionnaire: An International Consensus.

Objectives: First, establishment and validation of a novel questionnaire documenting the burden of xerostomia and sialadenitis symptoms, including quality of life. Second, to compare two versions regarding the answering scale (proposed developed answers Q3 vs. 0-10 visual analogue scale Q10) of our newly developed questionnaire, in order to evaluate their comprehension by patients and their reproducibility in time.

Bedside functional monitoring of the dynamic brain connectivity in human neonates.

Clinicians have long been interested in functional brain monitoring, as reversible functional losses often precedes observable irreversible structural insults. By characterizing neonatal functional cerebral networks, resting-state functional connectivity is envisioned to provide early markers of cognitive impairments. Here we present a pioneering bedside deep brain resting-state functional connectivity imaging at 250-μm resolution on human neonates using functional ultrasound.

Blue to yellow emission from (Ga,In)/GaN quantum wells grown on pixelated silicon substrate.

It is shown that substrate pixelisation before epitaxial growth can significantly impact the emission color of semiconductor heterostructures. The wavelength emission from InGaN/GaN quantum wells can be shifted from blue to yellow simply by reducing the mesa size from 90 × 90 µm to 10 × 10 µm of the patterned silicon used as the substrate. This color shift is mainly attributed to an increase of the quantum well thickness when the mesa size decreases.

Self and the Brain. The Immune Metaphor.

One of the fundamental questions in neuroscience is how brain activity relates to conscious experience. Even though self-consciousness is considered an emergent property of the brain network, a quantum physics-based theory assigns a momentum of consciousness to the single neuron level. In this work, we present a brain theory from an evolutionary biological perspective by analogy with the immune .

Salivary and lacrimal dysfunction after radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid cancer: American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and Salivary Gland Section joint multidisciplinary clinical consensus statement of otolaryngology, ophthalmology, nuclear medicine and endocrinology.

Background: Postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI) administration is widely utilized in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. While beneficial in select patients, it is critical to recognize the potential negative sequelae of this treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and management of the salivary and lacrimal complications of RAI exposure are addressed in this consensus statement.

Phase 3, Multicenter Open-Label study to investigate the efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir fixed-dose combination for 8 weeks in treatment-naïve, HCV GT1b-infected patients, with non-severe fibrosis.

Background: Genotype 1b is the most common HCV genotype worldwide, accounting for the largest proportion of infections in Europe, Russia, Latin America and Asia. Reducing treatment duration can improve adherence, reduce drug exposure and cost. Accordingly, we evaluated the efficacy of 8 weeks fixed-dose combination of grazoprevir-elbasvir in treatment-naïve patients, with non-severe fibrosis.

Efficacy and Safety of a 0.1% Tacrolimus Nasal Ointment as a Treatment for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare but ubiquitous genetic disease. Epistaxis is the most frequent and life-threatening manifestation and tacrolimus, an immunosuppressive agent, appears to be an interesting new treatment option because of its anti-angiogenic properties. Our objective was to evaluate, six weeks after the end of the treatment, the efficacy on the duration of nosebleeds of tacrolimus nasal ointment, administered for six weeks to patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia complicated by nosebleeds, and we performed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, ratio 1:1 phase II study.

Early silica crust formation in planetesimals by metastable silica-rich liquid immiscibility or cristobalite crystallisation: the possible origin of silica-rich chondrules.

The formation and differentiation processes of planetesimals-small bodies in the solar system-remain actively debated. Planetesimal differentiation is known to have occurred early (<1.5 Myr after the formation of Ca-Al-rich inclusions), as attested by the ages of iron meteorites.

Efficacy of TIMOLOL nasal spray as a treatment for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is a rare vascular genetic disease. Epistaxis is the most frequent and disabling manifestation, and timolol appears to be a new therapeutic option as non-selective beta-blockers have in vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenic properties. Our main objective was to evaluate the efficacy of TIMOLOL nasal spray as a treatment for epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.