[The prevalence of overweight and obesity in moscow pregnant women and principles of alimentary correction of these conditions].

The aim was to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Moscow pregnant women, as well as to conduct a comparative study of normal and excessive women`s body weight influence on the course and outcome of pregnancy and delivery, anthropometric indices and state of newborn`s health, to assess women's dietary intake and to develop approaches to nutritional correction of overweight and obesity in pregnant women. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among pregnant women in Moscow in 2009-2011 was 8.3% of the total number of pregnant women observed.

[The history of the development of the children nutritiology at the Institute of Nutrition of RAMS].

The history of infant and child nutrition department of the Institute of Nutrition of RAMS is briefly reviewed. The most important results of scientific investigations performed at the department from 1930 year till present time as well as methodical materials prepared by department specialists and serving as basis of official Ministry of Health recommendations and rules of infant and child nutrition, are discussed. Special attention is drawn to the problem of infant nutrition.

[Various factors leading to development of food allergies during breast feeding].

As many as 50 lactating mothers and their children on breast feeding were placed under observation. A study was made of risk factors and criteria for predicting the development of food allergy in children. The risk group was distinguished on the basis of the presence in children of hereditary predisposition and the IgE level in the funic blood if it exceeded 0.

[Contents of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene in human milk depending on the character of maternal nutrition].

The content of vitamins A, E and beta-carotene was studied in 26 samples of breast milk obtained in Estonia (20 samples) and Yakutia (6 samples). The questionnaire survey was used to determine the level of these vitamins in the ration of the women. At the early stages of lactation (3-7 days), in 13 samples of milk the content of vitamin A was 0.

[Value of the alimentary factor in the prevention of iron deficiency conditions in young children].

On the basis of the clinicophysiological and biochemical-hematologic investigations it was established that the feeding of infants with the adapted mixture "Malysh" did not prevent the development of latent iron deficiency in them. This was the reason for the enrichment of the mixture with hemopoietic substances. Five formulas of the mixture with varying compositions of hemopoietic factors enabled the authors to establish the optimum variant of the ratio of these ingredients in the adapted milk mixture.

[Nitrogen metabolic indices of infants fed a new milk mixture].

The efficacy of utilization of the protein compound from Ladushka, a new formula mixture, was studied in infants of the first 6 months of life, starting from the neonatal period. The protein component of the mixture consisted of casein and decalcified whey proteins (1:1). Calcium content comprised 400 mg/l, and its ratio with phosphorus approached the values recommended for formula feeding.

[Lymphocyte succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in infants on artificial feeding with a varying protein content in the diet].

The activity of succinate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in blood lymphocytes was studied in healthy children of the first half year of life kept on formula feeding with the adapted milk mixtures "Malyutka" and "Malysh". The content of protein in the children's diet varied over the range of 2-2.5; 3-3.

[State of the market for specialized child nutrition products and its prospects].

The relatioship has been analyzed for the first time between research into the development of new specialized foods for infants, its manufacture and trade and demand for it. Moreover, ways of improving specialized nutrition for infant population at the present time and in future (as per prognosis up to 1990) have been outlined.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of feeding infants with the new adapted products].

Feeding regimens involving the use of new foods, dry adapting additive and acidophilus mixtures of the "Malyutka" and "Malysh" types developed by the Institute of Nutrition, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, were assessed from the results of investigations carried out with 500 infants. Recommendations for improving the composition of the above foods are given with a purpose of reaching the optimal formula of breast milk substitutes.

[Physiological requirements in foodstuffs and energy of infants in the 1st year of life].

The authors report their own and literature data on requirements for infants of over 30 food factors. It is suggested that certain age periods should be differentiated and the parameters of weight and height considered while summarizing materials on recommended rates of the principal food and energy requirements for children of the first year of life.

[Microfloral makeup of the feces of infants on various types of feeding].

Dissimilarity in the fecal microflora of infants fed with breast milk and the ones receiving in the neonatal period the mixture "Malyutka" and experimental samples of the dry acidopilic mixture "Malyutka" because of their mothers' state of hypolactation. Features specific for intestinal biocenosis in the breast-nursed infants is the prevalence of bifidobacteria, low abundance of microorganisms accomplishing proteolysis and also a high percentage of colicinogenic cultures of colibacillus. In further preparations of adapted milk mixtures it appears expedient to go on with investigations oriented toward incorporation in their composition of factors contributing to bringing the intestinal microflora composition closer to that in natural feeding.

[Use of new products with increased biologic value for nourishment of school aged children].

Rations in which new protein-rich, fat and cultured milk products are included have been worked out. These products made it possible to enrich the rations with a full-value protein, essential fatty acids, mineral substances and vitamins. Under observation were kept 60 schoolchildren, students of specialized and boarding schools aged from 13 to 16 years.

[Use of new high-protein products in nutrition for the purpose of increasing the work capacity of students].

The effect of a dietary that includes new high-protein products containing complete protein, on the health status and performance capacity of schoolchildren during their school-hours was studied. Under observation were kept 60 schoolchildren, aged 13-14 years who were learning two foreign languages. Schoolchildren receiving a specialized ration were noted to show a number of positive regular changes.

[Biologic value of the protein component of dairy products used in infant nutrition].

Chemical and biological methods were used in determining the biological value of dairy products ("Malyutka", "Malysh", B-rice, kephir and "Bebiron-I") employed in the nutrition of infants kept on artificial feeding. The results of these methods are found to accord well with each other. The highest biological value were found to possess the new Soviet-made substituents o