Perifocal edema and glymphatic system dysfunction: quantitative assessment based on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Pathogenesis of peritumoral cerebral edema is unclear and potentially associated with glymphatic system dysfunction. Diffusion tensor MRI (DT-MRI) with analysis of ALPS (Analysis along the Perivascular Space) index may be valuable for assessment of edema. This approach visualizes fluid flow along perivascular spaces of deep cerebral veins.

Factors influencing peritumoral edema in meningiomas: CT- and MRI-based quantitative assessment.

Unlabelled: Background. Meningiomas may be accompanied by peritumoral edema. Incidence and pathogenesis of edema are nor clearly established.

Perifocal Zone of Brain Gliomas: Application of Diffusion Kurtosis and Perfusion MRI Values for Tumor Invasion Border Determination.

(1) Purpose: To determine the borders of malignant gliomas with diffusion kurtosis and perfusion MRI biomarkers. (2) Methods: In 50 high-grade glioma patients, diffusion kurtosis and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were determined in contrast-enhancing area, in perifocal infiltrative edema zone, in the normal-appearing peritumoral white matter of the affected cerebral hemisphere, and in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere. Neuronavigation-guided biopsy was performed from all affected hemisphere regions.

[Periventricular changes following hydrocephalus: quantitative MR-based assessment of tissue characteristics].

Objective: To study tissue characteristics of periventricular white matter in patients with open hydrocephalus using DWI MRI and their correlations with CSF flow parameters.

Material And Methods: MRI was performed in 55 patients (35 women and 20 men) with open normal pressure hydrocephalus, as well as 16 patients with malignant occlusive hydrocephalus and interstitial edema (control group). We determined the correlations between severity of hydrocephalus, periventricular lesions and CSF flow parameters considering MR data.

[Intracellular pH measurement in glioblastoma cells: the possibilities of phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy].

Objective: To analyze intracellular pH measurement with phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy in glioblastoma cells and to compare these data with intracellular pH in healthy volunteers.

Material And Methods: There were 10 patients aged 41 - 67 years with supratentorial glioblastomas. Intracellular pH in glioblastoma cells was compared with pH in healthy persons.

[Modern standards for magnetic resonance imaging of the brain tumors].

Neuroimaging is essential in survey of patients with brain tumors. An important objectives of neuroimaging are highly reliable non-invasive diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluation of treatment outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the modern neuroimaging methods.

[Diffusion kurtosis imaging in diffuse axonal injury].

Unlabelled: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is one of the most severe traumatic brain injuries. The availability of neuroimaging biomarkers for monitoring expansion of traumatic brain injury in vivo is a topical issue.

Purpose: To evaluate novel neuroimaging biomarkers for monitoring brain injury using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in patients with severe diffuse axonal injury.

[Phosphorus (P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy for evaluation of brain tissue metabolism and measuring non-invasive pH. A study involving 23 volunteers. Part I].

Evaluation of brain metabolism is an important part in examination of brain lesions. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy opens up great opportunities for studying the energy metabolism and allows noninvasive examination of metabolic processes occurring both in healthy and in pathologic brain tissue by obtaining a spectrum of phosphorus-containing metabolites involved in the turnover of cell membrane phospholipids. The technique presented in this paper was used to conduct P MR spectroscopy and to estimate the ratio between the peaks of the main metabolites and intracellular pH of the healthy brain tissue of 23 volunteers in the age group under 30 years old in clinical settings.

[3D proton MR spectroscopy of the gray and white brain matter. A study of 15 volunteers].

Unlabelled: One of the important problems of modern diagnostics of brain diseases is detection of early lesions, which determines the choice of patient management and the disease outcome. The introduction of magnetic resonance imaging in practice has significantly improved the quality of diagnosis. Multivoxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy is an additional and clarifying technique enabling non-invasive examination of changes in brain metabolism in tumors as well as simultaneous acquisition of information on metabolism in surrounding tissues and in the intact brain matter.

[Non-contrast ASL perfusion in preoperative diagnosis of supratentorial gliomas].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling perfusion (pCASL) in assessing the degree of malignancy of brain gliomas at the preoperative stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 126 patients aged 12-75 years with supratentorial gliomas of different malignancy (35 low-grade gliomas and 91 high-grade gliomas). The maximum tumor blood flow (TBF) was measured, and the normalized tumor blood flow (nTBF) was calculated relative to the intact semiovale white matter of the contralateral hemisphere.

[Evaluation of vascular reactivity to overcome limitations of neurovascular uncoupling in BOLD fMRI of malignant brain tumors].

The sensitivity of fMRI in identification of eloquent cortical centers in the case of large infiltrative growing tumors and pronounced peritumoral edema may be reduced or significantly limited in some cases. The main cause is an attenuated Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent response (BOLD) caused by pathological vascular reactivity and subsequent neurovascular uncoupling of fMRI. In our study, we attempted to overcome these limitations and increase the sensitivity of this technique in identification of eloquent cortical areas adjacent to brain tumors by using vasoreactivity features of a breath-holding test and including these data in the BOLD analysis.

[Orbital hemangiomas: capabilities of modern neuroradiological diagnostics].

Material And Methods: In the period from 2010 to 2016. 14 patients with cavernous hemangioma (CH) and 2 patients with capillary hemangioma (CapH) of the orbit were examined. The age of CH patients varied from 17 to 67 years (median, 53 years); 8 females and 6 males.

[New opportunities of magnetic-resonance imaging: an algorithm of CSD-HARDI tractography in reconstruction of the brainstem reticular formation fibers].

Unlabelled: The study purpose was to develop a technique for intravital visualization of the brainstem reticular formation fibers in healthy volunteers using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material And Methods: The study included 21 subjects (13 males and 8 females) aged 21 to 62 years. The study was performed on a magnetic resonance imaging scanner with a magnetic field strength of 3 T in T1, T2, T2-FLAIR, DWI, and SWI modes.

Phase contrast MRI-based evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid circulation parameters in patients with foramen magnum meningiomas.

Background: Meningiomas of the foramen magnum (FMR) region account for 1.8 to 3.2% of all meningiomas.

SCT perfusion in the diagnosis of sellar and parasellar tumors.

Unlabelled: The study is devoted to the use of a minimally invasive method of SCT perfusion for the differential diagnosis of sellar and pаrаsellar tumors. Given a wide differential diagnostic range of tumors occurring in this area, the tumor perfusion indicators were used as an auxiliary diagnostic criterion.

Material And Methods: The study analyzed outcomes in 115 patients with various tumors of the sellar area who underwent surgery or biopsy for histological verification of the diagnosis.

The structure of activation of the language zone in patients with intracerebral tumors according to fMRI with respect to tumor location and the functional asymmetry profile.

Material And Methods: A total of 50 patients were examined prior to surgical resection of intracranial tumors of the temporal and frontal lobes. Left-sided tumors were observed in 33 patients and right-sided tumors were observed in 17 patients. The functional asymmetry profile was determined using self-assessment, the Annet questionnaire, and the dichotic listening task.

[The analysis of fMRT answer's individual variability at healthy examinees when opening eyes, motor and speech tests].

This paper analyzes the variation of the functional anatomy of the brain in healthy people performing identical activities on the basis of functional magneticresonance imaging (fMRI). According to the authors, this approach allows you to showcase a variety of individual strategies to achieve the same external (behavioral) result intracerebral different means, and to identify the factors that determine this diversity. Investigated hemodynamic (fMRT) brain reactions at activization of attention to opening of eyes, motor (search of the right and left hand fingers) and speech tests (mental transfer of months or days of the week upside-down) at 21 healthy subjects (21-30 years): 14 men, 7 women.

A correlation between diffusion kurtosis imaging and the proliferative activity of brain glioma.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to assess the capabilities of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in diagnosis of the glioma proliferative activity and to evaluate a relationship between the glioma proliferative activity index and diffusion parameters of the contralateral normal appearing white matter (CNAWM).

Material And Methods: The study included 47 patients with newly diagnosed brain gliomas (23 low grade, 13 grade III, and 11 grade IV gliomas). We determined a relationship between absolute and normalized parameters of the diffusion tensor (mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivities; fractional (FA) and relative (RA) anisotropies) and diffusion kurtosis (mean (MK), axial (AK), and radial (RK) kurtosis; kurtosis anisotropy (KA)) and the proliferative activity index in the most malignant glioma parts (p<0.

Use of CT perfusion to discriminate between brain metastases from different primaries.

Thirty-six metastases in 22 patients were studied prospectively using computed tomography perfusion. Regions of interests were drawn around: the enhancing part of the tumor, necrotic central part, periphery, peritumoral edema, and normal white matter. Cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and mean transit time were calculated for each zone.

fMRI study of the dominant hemisphere for language in patients with brain tumor.

The Aim Of The Study: Paper describes a study of language lateralization of patients with brain tumors, measured by preoperative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and comparison results with tumor histology and profile of functional asymmetry.

Methods: During the study 21 patient underwent fMRI scan. 15 patients had a tumor in the left and 6 in the right hemisphere.

[Structural and functional peculiarity of brain activity to performance and imaginary motor tasks in healthy persons (EEG and fMRI study)].

Bioelectrical (EEG) and hemodynamic (fMRI-response) cerebral reactions to performance and imaginary motor tasks by right or left hand were analyzed in 15 right-handed healthy persons (21-39 years old). During actual movement the main fMRI-response was registered in the area of central gyrus of the hemisphere contralateral to the working hand. Areas of activation were also revealed in the supplemental motor area and the ipsilateral hemisphere of the cerebellum.

[Personalized cell therapy for early postoperative bullous keratopathy (experimental proof and clinical results)].

The article presents the results of a long-term research on development and clinical application of personalized cell therapy (PCT) for treatment of early postoperative (manifesting within the first 3 months after surgery) bullous keratopathy (BK). The method of intracameral PCT implies in vitro incubation of the patient's blood sample with poly(A:U) stimulator, separation of the serum with activated leukocytes, and injection of the final cell preparation into the anterior chamber. The fundamental part of the research was aimed at a detailed description of the cell preparation and investigation of its possible mechanisms of action.

[Prognostic value of ICP, CPP and regional blood flow monitoring in diffuse and focal traumatic cerebral lesions].

Forty patients with severe traumatic brain injury (GCS score 8 and less) aged 16-54 years treated in our clinic were analyzed. Correlations between clinical symptoms, CT signs of diffuse and focal traumatic lesions, intracranial hemorrhage, indices of cerebral blood flow (CBF) according to perfusion CT study, intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were assessed. Main mechanism of injury in 27 of 40 (67.

[Data of MRI and neuropsychological tests predict the course of typical remitting multiple sclerosis during five years].

A complex study of 50 patients with active typical remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out. Neuropsychological testing using Wechsler and Stroop tests and MRI of the brain with the morphometric analysis of focal and diffusive changes were used in the study. Patients were stratified into two subgroups by the changes in the performance of neuropsychological tests.