Impact of gender on self-assessment accuracy among fourth-year French medical students on faculty's online Objective Structured Clinical Examinations.

Background: Historically, women have been shown to underestimate their abilities, while men often assess themselves more accurately or overestimate. This study aims to determine self-assessment accuracy during online Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) according to gender.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted among fourth-year medical students at Paris Cité University during faculty training OSCEs, utilizing Zoom® software for remote participation.

Microstructural Damage and Repair in the Spinal Cord of Patients With Early Multiple Sclerosis and Association With Disability at 5 Years.

Background And Objectives: The dynamics of microstructural spinal cord (SC) damage and repair in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and their clinical relevance have yet to be explored. We set out to describe patient-specific profiles of microstructural SC damage and change during the first year after MS diagnosis and to investigate their associations with disability and SC atrophy at 5 years.

Methods: We performed a longitudinal monocentric cohort study among patients with relapsing-remitting MS: first relapse <1 year, no relapse <1 month, and high initial severity on MRI (>9 T2 lesions on brain MRI and/or initial myelitis).

Evaluation of GnRH- versus estradiol-based protocols for ovulation synchronization in postpartum Bos taurus grazing beef cows submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination.

This study compared the effect of a 7-day estradiol- and a 7-day GnRH-based FTAI protocol versus a presynchronized GnRH-based FTAI protocol (7 & 7 GnRH) on pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in multiparous postpartum Angus cows. Cows were blocked according to presence/absence of a CL, body condition score, and days postpartum and assigned randomly to one of three treatments: I) 7-day EB (n = 368), estradiol benzoate (EB) and intravaginal progesterone-(P4)-releasing device (IVPD) on Day -10, prostaglandin F (PG), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and estradiol cypionate (ECP) at IVPD removal on Day -3 with FTAI done on Day -1 (54 ± 2 h after IVPD removal); II) 7-day GnRH (n = 367), GnRH at IVPD insertion on Day -10, PG and eCG at IVPD removal on Day -3 with GnRH and FTAI on Day 0 (66 ± 2 h after IVPD removal); and III) 7 & 7 GnRH (n = 361), PG at IVPD insertion on Day -17, GnRH on Day -10, IVPD removal, PG and eCG on Day -3 with GnRH and FTAI on Day 0 (66 ± 2 h after IVPD removal). Preovulatory follicle diameter, corpus luteum (CL) presence, CL area, and P4 concentration were determined at IVPD removal, as well as estrus expression at FTAI and P/AI between 35 and 40 days after FTAI.

Reversion of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by skeletal muscle-directed FGF21 gene therapy.

The highly prevalent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with liver steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte injury, which can lead to fibrosis and may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and death. New treatment modalities such as gene therapy may be transformative for MASH patients. Here, we describe that one-time intramuscular administration of adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding native fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a key metabolic regulator, resulted in sustained increased circulating levels of the factor, which mediated long-term (>1 year) MASH and hepatic fibrosis reversion and halted development of liver tumors in obese male and female mouse models.

Iatrogenic emboli during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: comparison between stent retriever technique and contact aspiration-a retrospective case-control study.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke from large vessel occlusion (LVO). While embolization to a new territory (ENT) after MT is well-documented, data on embolization in the same distal territory (EDT) are limited. Achieving modified Treatment In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) 3 reperfusion presents significant clinical benefits over mTICI 2b/2c, necessitating strategies to reduce both ENT and EDT.

Real-world data on long-acting intramuscular maintenance therapy with cabotegravir and rilpivirine mirror Phase 3 results.

Introduction: Cabotegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor, and rilpivirine, an NNRTI, constitute the first long-acting (LA), injectable, two-drug ART regimen approved for the maintenance of virological suppression in persons living with HIV-1 (PLHIV). The aim of this study was to assess clinical effectiveness and tolerability of LA cabotegravir/rilpivirine in a real-world setting.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single centre study, including all PLHIV receiving LA cabotegravir/rilpivirine as standard-of-care in our tertiary centre even if initiated in clinical trials.

Street adolescents in low income setting exposed to hepatitis B and C, and disadvantaged by lifestyle: a Togolese cross-sectional study.

Background: In Togo, few data are available on viral hepatitis in street adolescents, a vulnerable population due to their lifestyle. The aim of this study was to describe the lifestyle of street adolescents (sexual practices and drug use), to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses, and to describe their HBV immunization profile in Togo.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé (Togo) in July 2021.

Assessment of phosphatemia at admission to the intensive care unit to predict mechanical ventilation among patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Hypophosphatemia has been reported to impair diaphragmatic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about the role of dysphosphatemia at admission [plasmatic phosphate concentration at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (T0-Ph)] to the ICU and respiratory outcomes among patients with severe acute COPD exacerbation. We aimed to assess the value of T0-Ph as a predictive factor of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) during ICU stay.

A Second-Generation Oral SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitor Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of COVID-19.

Despite the record-breaking discovery, development and approval of vaccines and antiviral therapeutics such as Paxlovid, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remained the fourth leading cause of death in the world and third highest in the United States in 2022. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of PF-07817883, a second-generation, orally bioavailable, SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor with improved metabolic stability versus nirmatrelvir, the antiviral component of the ritonavir-boosted therapy Paxlovid. We demonstrate the pan-human coronavirus antiviral activity and off-target selectivity profile of PF-07817883.

Salvage Therapy Including Foscarnet and Ibalizumab for Multidrug-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Infection.

We evaluated Ibalizumab (IBA)-containing standardized optimized salvage regimen (with or without a 4-week foscarnet induction) in individuals harboring multidrug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2). Nine were included; 2 achieved virological suppression after foscarnet induction with a sustained suppression at Week 24 after IBA initiation, and an additional individual at Week 24 after Ibalizumab initiation.

RSV-GenoScan: An automated pipeline for whole-genome human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sequence analysis.

Background: Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and reductions in sequencing costs have revolutionised the study of genomics and molecular biology by making whole-genome sequencing (WGS) accessible to many laboratories. However, the analysis of WGS data requires significant computational effort, which is the major drawback in implementing WGS as a routine laboratory technique.

Objective: Automated pipelines have been developed to overcome this issue, but they do not exist for all organisms.

Self-compassion and relationship status moderate the relationship between sexual minority status and body image concerns.

A growing body of research suggests that sexual minority men (SMM) experience greater body image concerns including body shame, body surveillance, drive for muscularity and drive for thinness than heterosexual men. However, little is known regarding the potential factors that can buffer these relationships. The aim of the present study was to examine the role that both self-compassion and relationship status may play in decreasing the strength of the relationship between sexual minority status and body image concerns.

Longitudinal radiological follow-up of individual level non-ischemic cerebral enhancing lesions following endovascular aneurysm treatment.

Background: Non-ischemic cerebral enhancing (NICE) lesions following aneurysm endovascular therapy are exceptionally rare, with unknown longitudinal evolution.

Objective: To evaluate the radiological behavior of individual NICE lesions over time.

Methods: Patients included in a retrospective national multicentric inception cohort were analyzed.

Comparison of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone versus Estrogen-Based Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols in Grazing Suckled Beef Cows.

Fixed-timed artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols for beef cattle in South America are primarily based on estradiol esters and intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices (IVPD). The objective of this study was to determine the optimal gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-based protocol as an alternative to the use of estrogen-based protocols in grazing suckling beef cows. All cows received an IVPD on the day of protocol initiation and prostaglandin F (PG) plus equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) treatments at the time of IVPD removal.

Systematic underestimation of human hand weight.

According to Newton's laws, the weight of a body part is equal to its mass times gravitational acceleration. Our experience of body part weight, however, is constructed by the central nervous system. No sensory receptors directly specify the weight of body parts, and the factors influencing perceived weight remain unknown.

Hi-plex deep amplicon sequencing for identification, high-resolution genotyping and multidrug resistance prediction of Mycobacterium leprae directly from patient biopsies by using Deeplex Myc-Lep.

Background: Expansion of antimicrobial resistance monitoring and epidemiological surveillance are key components of the WHO strategy towards zero leprosy. The inability to grow Mycobacterium leprae in vitro precludes routine phenotypic drug susceptibility testing, and only limited molecular tests are available. We evaluated a culture-free targeted deep sequencing assay, for mycobacterial identification, genotyping based on 18 canonical SNPs and 11 core variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) markers, and detection of rifampicin, dapsone and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in rpoB/ctpC/ctpI, folP1, gyrA/gyrB, respectively, and hypermutation-associated mutations in nth.

Genomic diversity of mpox virus in Paris area (France) during the 2022 outbreak.

In May 2022, several countries reported mpox cases from patients without history of traveling to endemic areas. France was one of the most affected European countries by this outbreak. In this study, the clinical characteristics of mpox cases in France were described, and the genetic diversity of the virus was studied.