Estimating Bidirectional Transitions and Identifying Predictors of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Objectives: Various resources exist for treating mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia separately as terminal events or for focusing solely on a 1-way path from MCI to dementia without taking into account heterogeneous transitions. Little is known about the trajectory of reversion from MCI to normal cognition (NC) or near-NC and patterns of postreversion, which refers to cognitive trajectories of patients who have reversed from MCI to NC. Our objectives were to (1) quantitatively predict bidirectional transitions of MCI (reversion and progression), (2) explore patterns of future cognitive trajectories for postreversion, and (3) estimate the effects of demographic characteristics, , cognition, daily activity ability, depression, and neuropsychiatric symptoms on transition probabilities.

Reduced Adenoma Miss Rate With 9-Minute vs 6-Minute Withdrawal Times for Screening Colonoscopy: A Multicenter Randomized Tandem Trial.

Introduction: Although the 9-minute mean withdrawal time (m-WT) is often reported to be associated with the optimal adenoma detection rate (ADR), no randomized trials of screening colonoscopy have confirmed the impact of a 9-minute m-WT on adenoma miss rate (AMR) and ADR.

Methods: A multicenter tandem trial was conducted in 11 centers. Seven hundred thirty-three asymptomatic participants were randomized to receive segmental tandem screening colonoscopy with a 9-minute withdrawal, followed by a 6-minute withdrawal (9-minute-first group, 9MF, n = 366) or vice versa (6-minute-first group, 6MF, n = 367).

Taxonomy, phylogeny and identification of with emphasis on thermophilic species.

comprises phenotypically diverse species, which impact biotechnology, the indoor environment and human health. Recent studies showed that most of the traditionally defined genera in are highly polyphyletic. Many of these morphology-based genera, such as , and , have been redefined using multigene phylogenetic analysis combined with morphology; however, a comprehensive taxonomic overview of the family is lacking.

Synovial Oxygenation at Photoacoustic Imaging to Assess Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity.

Background Synovial hypoxia is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, based on the use of laser-generated US, can detect the oxygenation status of tissue in individuals with RA. However, large studies are lacking, with few investigating the correlation between oxygenation status and disease activity.

Spatial multi-omics sequencing for fixed tissue via DBiT-seq.

This protocol describes the use of the deterministic barcoding in tissue for spatial omics sequencing platform to construct a multi-omics atlas on fixed frozen tissue samples. This approach uses a microfluidic-based method to introduce combinatorial DNA oligo barcodes directly to the cells in a tissue section fixed on a glass slide. This technique does not directly resolve single cells but can achieve a near-single-cell resolution for spatial transcriptomics and spatial analysis of a targeted panel of proteins.

High-Spatial-Resolution Multi-Omics Sequencing via Deterministic Barcoding in Tissue.

We present deterministic barcoding in tissue for spatial omics sequencing (DBiT-seq) for co-mapping of mRNAs and proteins in a formaldehyde-fixed tissue slide via next-generation sequencing (NGS). Parallel microfluidic channels were used to deliver DNA barcodes to the surface of a tissue slide, and crossflow of two sets of barcodes, A1-50 and B1-50, followed by ligation in situ, yielded a 2D mosaic of tissue pixels, each containing a unique full barcode AB. Application to mouse embryos revealed major tissue types in early organogenesis as well as fine features like microvasculature in a brain and pigmented epithelium in an eye field.

Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: Proposal of two new orders, three new families, eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species.

Nearly 500 basidiomycetous yeast species were accepted in the latest edition of published in 2011. However, this number presents only the tip of the iceberg of yeast species diversity in nature. Possibly more than 99 % of yeast species, as is true for many groups of fungi, are yet unknown and await discovery.

Parent Artery Reconstruction for Large or Giant Cerebral Aneurysms Using the Tubridge Flow Diverter: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial (PARAT).

Background And Purpose: Although flow diverters have been reported with favorable clinical and angiographic outcomes in various literatures, randomized trials determining their true effectiveness and safety are still in lack. The Parent Artery Reconstruction for Large or Giant Cerebral Aneurysms Using the Tubridge Flow Diverter (PARAT) trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Tubridge flow diverter in the treatment of large or giant aneurysms in comparison with Enterprise stent-assisted coiling.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, multicenter, randomized trial was conducted at 12 hospitals throughout China.

Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes.

Families and genera assigned to Tremellomycetes have been mainly circumscribed by morphology and for the yeasts also by biochemical and physiological characteristics. This phenotype-based classification is largely in conflict with molecular phylogenetic analyses. Here a phylogenetic classification framework for the Tremellomycetes is proposed based on the results of phylogenetic analyses from a seven-genes dataset covering the majority of tremellomycetous yeasts and closely related filamentous taxa.

Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of yeasts and related fungi in the Ustilaginomycotina.

The subphylum Ustilaginomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) comprises mainly plant pathogenic fungi (smuts). Some of the lineages possess cultivable unicellular stages that are usually classified as yeast or yeast-like species in a largely artificial taxonomic system which is independent from and largely incompatible with that of the smut fungi. Here we performed phylogenetic analyses based on seven genes including three nuclear ribosomal RNA genes and four protein coding genes to address the molecular phylogeny of the ustilaginomycetous yeast species and their filamentous counterparts.

Phylogenetic classification of yeasts and related taxa within Pucciniomycotina.

Most small genera containing yeast species in the Pucciniomycotina (Basidiomycota, Fungi) are monophyletic, whereas larger genera including Bensingtonia, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporidiobolus and Sporobolomyces are polyphyletic. With the implementation of the "One Fungus = One Name" nomenclatural principle these polyphyletic genera were revised. Nine genera, namely Bannoa, Cystobasidiopsis, Colacogloea, Kondoa, Erythrobasidium, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Sakaguchia and Sterigmatomyces, were emended to include anamorphic and teleomorphic species based on the results obtained by a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis, phylogenetic network analyses, branch length-based methods, as well as morphological, physiological and biochemical comparisons.

SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5, an SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE3-Type Protein Kinase, Is Important for Abscisic Acid Responses in Arabidopsis through Phosphorylation of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5.

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays an essential role in seed germination. In this study, we demonstrate that one SNF1-related protein kinase3-type protein kinase, SOS2-like protein kinase5 (PKS5), is involved in ABA signal transduction via the phosphorylation of an interacting protein, abscisic acid-insensitive5 (ABI5). We found that pks5-3 and pks5-4, two previously identified PKS5 superactive kinase mutants with point mutations in the PKS5 FISL/NAF (a conserved peptide that is necessary for interaction with SOS3 or SOS3-like calcium binding proteins) motif and the kinase domain, respectively, are hypersensitive to ABA during seed germination.

The effects of external electric field: creating non-zero first hyperpolarizability for centrosymmetric benzene and strongly enhancing first hyperpolarizability for non-centrosymmetric edge-modified graphene ribbon H2N-(3,3)ZGNR-NO2.

How to generate a non-zero first hyperpolarizability for a centrosymmetric molecule is a challenging question. In this paper, an external (pump) electric field is used to make a centrosymmetric benzene molecule generate a non-zero value of the electric field induced first hyperpolarizability (β (F) ). This comes from the centrosymmetry breaking of electron cloud.

Origin and evolutionary analysis of the plant-specific TIFY transcription factor family.

A substantial number of transcription factor families have been investigated from all kingdoms of life, but a particular class of plant-specific TIFY transcription factors, characterized by a highly conserved TIFY domain, lacks a systemic analysis of its origin and evolutionary relationships among different plant species. After exhaustive genome-wide searches against 14 genomes, TIFY transcription factors were identified and classified into four subfamilies TIFY, PPD, JAZ and ZML according to their different domain architectures. Results show that the TIFY domain of the ZML subfamily possesses a core "TLS[F/Y]XG" motif rather than the "TIFYXG" motif that is dominant in the other three subfamilies.

Identification and characterization of a leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) consensus phosphorylation motif.

Mutations in LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) have been identified as major genetic determinants of Parkinson's disease (PD). The most prevalent mutation, G2019S, increases LRRK2's kinase activity, therefore understanding the sites and substrates that LRRK2 phosphorylates is critical to understanding its role in disease aetiology. Since the physiological substrates of this kinase are unknown, we set out to reveal potential targets of LRRK2 G2019S by identifying its favored phosphorylation motif.