Altered Regional Homogeneity in Chronic Insomnia Disorder with or without Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Purpose: Many studies have shown that insomnia is an independent factor in cognitive impairment, but the involved neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. We used regional homogeneity to explore the specific neurobiologic indicators of chronic insomnia disorder with mild cognitive impairment.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-nine patients with insomnia were divided into a group with and without cognitive impairment; we also included a control group ( = 28).

Rigenolides D-H, norsecoiridoid and secoiridoids from Gentiana rigescens Franch.

Five new compounds, rigenolides D-H (1-5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Gentiana rigescens Franch. Their structures were assigned by detailed spectroscopic analyses and chemical conversions. Rigenolides D (1) and E (2) were elucidated to be a secoiridoid and a norsecoiridoid, respectively, possessing a dienone moiety in common.

Gene and Serum Folate Interaction on Serum Homocysteine Lowering: Prospect for Precision Folic Acid Treatment.

Objective: This post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial) assessed the individual variation in total homocysteine (tHcy)-lowering response after an average 4.5 years of 0.8 mg daily folic acid therapy in Chinese hypertensive adults and evaluated effect modification by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase () C677T genotypes and serum folate levels.

Phased secondary small interfering RNAs in Panaxnotoginseng.

Background: Recent results demonstrated that either non-coding or coding genes generate phased secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) guided by specific miRNAs. Till now, there is no studies for phasiRNAs in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.

Development of Anti-Human Mesothelin-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor Messenger RNA-Transfected Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Ovarian Cancer Therapy.

CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T/natural killer (NK)-cell therapies can result in durable clinical responses in B-cell malignancies. However, CAR-based immunotherapies have been much less successful in solid cancers, in part due to "on-target off-tumor" toxicity related to expression of target tumor antigens on normal tissue. Based on preliminary observations of safety and clinical activity in proof-of-concept clinical trials, tumor antigen-specific messenger RNA (mRNA) CAR transfection into selected, activated, and expanded T/NK cells may permit prospective control of "on-target off-tumor" toxicity.

Impaired terpenoid backbone biosynthesis reduces saponin accumulation in Panax notoginseng under Cd stress.

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are major secondary metabolite of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.

Effect of Smoking and Folate Levels on the Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Prevention of Stroke in Hypertensive Men.

Background And Purpose: We aimed to examine whether the efficacy of folic acid therapy in the primary prevention of stroke is jointly affected by smoking status and baseline folate levels in a male population in a post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial).

Methods: Eligible participants of the CSPPT were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment of a combined enalapril 10-mg and folic acid 0.8-mg tablet or an enalapril 10-mg tablet alone.

An Unfused-Core-Based Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells with Excellent Morphological Stability at High Temperatures.

Most nonfullerene acceptors developed so far for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) are designed in planar molecular geometry containing a fused-ring core. In this work, a new nonfullerene acceptor of DF-PCIC is synthesized with an unfused-ring core containing two cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) moieties and one 2,5-difluorobenzene (DFB) group. A nearly planar geometry is realized through the F···H noncovalent interaction between CPDT and DFB for DF-PCIC.

Discovery of Potent and Selective Allosteric Inhibitors of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3).

PRMT3 catalyzes the asymmetric dimethylation of arginine residues of various proteins. It is crucial for maturation of ribosomes and has been implicated in several diseases. We recently disclosed a highly potent, selective, and cell-active allosteric inhibitor of PRMT3, compound 4.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Cocrystal Suspensions via Hot Melt Extrusion: Enhancing Cocrystal Yield.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals have attracted increasing attention over the past decade as an alternative way to modify the physicochemical properties and hence improve the bioavailability of a drug, without sacrificing thermodynamic stability. Our previous work has demonstrated the viability of in situ formation of ibuprofen/isonicotinamide cocrystal suspensions within a matrix carrier via a single-step hot melt extrusion (HME) process. The key aim of the current work is to establish optimized processing conditions to improve cocrystal yield within extruded matrices.

BF (n = 1-6) series: when do boron double chain nanoribbons become global minima?

We present an extensive density-functional and wave function theory study of partially fluorinated BF (n = 1-6) series, which show that the global minima of BF (n = 2-6) are characterized to encompass a central boron double chain (BDC) nanoribbon and form stable BF groups at the corresponding BDC corner when n ≥ 3, but the BF system maintains the structural feature of the well-known quasi-planar C B. When we put the spotlight on BF species, our single-point CCSD(T) results unveil that albeit with the 3D icosahedral isomers not being their global minima, C BF (6.1, A) and C BF (12.

Effects of vibrational excitation on the F + HO → HF + OH reaction: dissociative photodetachment of overtone-excited [F-H-OH].

The reaction F + HO → HF + OH is a four-atom system that provides an important benchmark for reaction dynamics. Hydrogen atom transfer at the transition state for this reaction is expected to exhibit a strong dependence on reactant vibrational excitation. In the present study, the vibrational effects are examined by photodetachment of vibrationally excited F(HO) precursor anions using photoelectron-photofragment coincidence (PPC) spectroscopy and compared with full six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations on potential energy surfaces.

LC-MS guided isolation of three pairs of enantiomeric alkaloids from Macleaya cordata and their enantioseparations, antiproliferative activity, apoptosis-inducing property.

(±)-Macleayins F-H (1-3), three pairs of new enantiomeric alkaloid dimers, along with four known alkaloids (4-7) as their plausible biogenetic precursors, were isolated from the aerial parts of Macleaya cordata. Compounds 1-3 were obtained under the guidance of LC-MS investigation, and their structures were elucidated by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The racemic mixtures were successfully separated by chiral HPLC, and the absolute configurations of enantiomers were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy.

YEATS2 links histone acetylation to tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Recognition of modified histones by "reader" proteins constitutes a key mechanism regulating diverse chromatin-associated processes important for normal and neoplastic development. We recently identified the YEATS domain as a novel acetyllysine-binding module; however, the functional importance of YEATS domain-containing proteins in human cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the YEATS2 gene is highly amplified in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is required for cancer cell growth and survival.

Dammarane-type saponins from the leaves of Panax notoginseng and their neuroprotective effects on damaged SH-SY5Y cells.

Seven dammarane-type saponins previously undescribed (notoginsenosides Fh1-Fh7) were isolated from the aqueous extract leaves of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.

Association between percent decline in serum total homocysteine and risk of first stroke.

Objective: To examine whether a change in serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels is associated with first stroke risk in a post hoc analysis of the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial (CSPPT).

Methods: We analyzed 16,867 participants of the CSPPT with tHcy measurements at both baseline and exit visits. The primary outcome was first stroke.

Decalin-Containing Tetramic Acids and 4-Hydroxy-2-pyridones with Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity from the Fungus Coniochaeta cephalothecoides Collected in Tibetan Plateau (Medog).

New tetramic acid derivatives, (±)-conipyridoins A-D (1-4), conipyridoins E (5) and F (6), and new 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone alkaloids (±)-didymellamide E (7), (+)-didymellamide B (8), (+)-N-hydroxyapiosporamide (9), and didymellamides F-H (10-12) were isolated and identified from the solid culture of the fungus Coniochaeta cephalothecoides. Chiral resolution of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 gave five pairs of enantiomers: 1a/1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b, 4a/4b, and 7a/7b, respectively. Stereochemistry of 1a and 1b, and 2a and 2b was established and confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) methods.

Upregulation of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K Is Linked to Immunity and Inflammation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Immune dysregulation has been linked to occlusive vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that is hereditary, idiopathic, or associated with other conditions. Circulating autoantibodies, lung perivascular lymphoid tissue, and elevated cytokines have been related to PAH pathogenesis but without a clear understanding of how these abnormalities are initiated, perpetuated, and connected in the progression of disease. We therefore set out to identify specific target antigens in PAH lung immune complexes as a starting point toward resolving these issues to better inform future application of immunomodulatory therapies.

Impacts of Pb and SO Poisoning on CeO-WO/TiO-SiO SCR Catalyst.

A CeO-WO/TiO-SiO catalyst was employed to investigate the poisoning mechanisms of Pb and SO during selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The introduction of Pb and SO suppressed the catalytic performance by decreasing the numbers of surface acid and redox sites. Specifically, Pb preferentially bonded with amorphous WO species rather than with CeO, decreasing the numbers of both Lewis and Brønsted acid sites but exerting less influence on the reducibility.

Conscious Sedation Versus General Anesthesia for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry.

Background: Conscious sedation is used during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with limited evidence as to the safety and efficacy of this practice.

Methods: The National Cardiovascular Data Registry Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry was used to characterize the anesthesia choice and clinical outcomes of all US patients undergoing elective percutaneous transfemoral TAVR between April 1, 2014, and June 30, 2015. Raw and inverse probability of treatment-weighted analyses were performed to compare patients undergoing TAVR with general anesthesia with patients undergoing TAVR with conscious sedation on an intention-to-treat basis for the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes including 30-day mortality, in-hospital and 30-day death/stroke, procedural success, intensive care unit and hospital length-of-stay, and rates of discharge to home.

Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 Inhibits Neointima Formation by Engaging Krüppel-Like Factor 4 Signaling.

Background: The mechanisms underlying neointima formation remain unclear. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which are key innate immune regulators, play important roles in cardiometabolic diseases. However, the function of IRF4 in arterial restenosis is unknown.

A Unified Modular Synthetic Strategy for Dictyodendrins F, H, I, and G.

A unified modular synthetic strategy has been developed for the first total synthesis of dictyodendrins G and synthesis of dictyodendrin F, H and I in 11 steps. The synthesis features consecutive functionalization of the core aminoquinone by palladium-mediated Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, 1,4-addition, acylation and base mediated formation of a pyrrolinone, and the formation of carbazolequinone moiety through a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition using arynes generated in situ. Several dictyodendrin analogues were also synthesized using this strategy.

Small RNA profiles from Panax notoginseng roots differing in sizes reveal correlation between miR156 abundances and root biomass levels.

Plant genomes encode several classes of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) that play critical roles in both development and stress responses. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.

Regulation of hepatic stellate cell proliferation and activation by glutamine metabolism.

Unlabelled: Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, which is mainly caused by accumulation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The mechanisms of activation and proliferation of HSCs, two key events after liver damage, have been studied for many years. Here we report a novel pathway to control HSCs by regulating glutamine metabolism.

Zwitterionic Alkali-Metal Silanides of Tripodal Ligand Geometry: Synthesis, Structure, and Lewis Acid-Base Chemistry.

A unique family of zwitterionic alkali-metal silanides of general formula [Si(SiMeOR)M] (M-3), where M = Li, Na, K and R = CHCH (M-3b), CH(CH) (M-3c), CHCH(CH) (M-3d), CHCHOSCH (M-3g), CHCHN(CH) (M-3h), have been synthesized and their structures fully characterized. Compounds M-3 were prepared from reactions of the corresponding alkali-metal alkoxides, R'OM (R' = Bu, Bu; M = Li, Na, K) with the silanes Si(SiMeOR) (2a-h), where R = CHCH (b), CH(CH) (c), CHCH(CH) (d), CHCHOSCH (g), CHCHN(CH) (h), via selective Si-Si bond cleavage. Analysis of the X-ray data of Li-3a-e,g, Li-h, Li-4, Na-3a-c,e,f,h, and K-3b,d,e,g revealed two major structural motifs in the solid state: infinite chain type and monomeric zwitterions.