[Is accurate preoperative assessment of pancreatic cystic lesions possible?].

Introduction: Cystic lesions of the pancreas (CLP) are of different origin and behaviour. Mucinous lesions with the risk of invasive cancer represent an important subgroup. The key point in differential diagnosis of CLP is to distinguish malignant and benign lesions and also correct indication for surgery in order to minimize the impact of serious complications after resection.

Training of different endoscopic skills on ex-vivo animal model.

Introduction: Virtual reality simulator and ex vivo animal models are used for training of both basic and advanced endoscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to assess whether hands-on training on ex vivo animal model improves endoscopic skills. Four different endoscopic techniques were practiced: endoscopic resection, endoscopic stenting, application of the over-the-scope (OVESCO) clip, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Training on an ex vivo animal model improves endoscopic skills: a randomized, single-blind study.

Background: Animal models are used for training of different endoscopic procedures. Whether this really improves endoscopic skills remains controversial.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of training by using an ex vivo animal gastric model on the performance of two therapeutic procedures-hemostasis and treatment of perforation.

Molecular biology of pancreatic cancer.

In spite of continuous research efforts directed at early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer, the outlook for patients affected by the disease remains dismal. With most cases still being diagnosed at advanced stages, no improvement in survival prognosis is achieved with current diagnostic imaging approaches. In the absence of a dominant precancerous condition, several risk factors have been identified including family history, chronic pancreatitis, smoking, diabetes mellitus, as well as certain genetic disorders such as hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, familial atypical multiple mole melanoma, and Peutz-Jeghers and Lynch syndromes.

[Biliary complications after major liver resection].

Introduction: Major liver resection involves operations where three or more liver segments are resected. The decrease of perioperative and early lethality enlarged indicator conditions, especially in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Bile leakage belongs to major postoperative complications.