Neutrino Trapping and Out-of-Equilibrium Effects in Binary Neutron-Star Merger Remnants.

We study out-of-thermodynamic-equilibrium effects in neutron-star mergers with 3D general-relativistic neutrino-radiation large-eddy simulations. During mergers, the cores of the neutron stars remain cold (T∼ a few MeV) and out of thermodynamic equilibrium with trapped neutrinos originating from the hot collisional interface between the stars. However, within ∼2 to 3 ms matter and neutrinos reach equilibrium everywhere in the remnant massive neutron star.

Reaction dynamics of the methoxy anion CHO with methyl iodide CHI.

Studying larger nucleophiles in bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) reactions bridges the gap from simple model systems to those relevant to organic chemistry. Therefore, we investigated the reaction dynamics between the methoxy anion (CHO) and iodomethane (CHI) in our crossed-beam setup combined with velocity map imaging at the four collision energies 0.4, 0.

Size limits and fission channels of doubly charged noble gas clusters.

Small, highly charged liquid droplets are unstable with respect to spontaneous charge separation when their size drops below the Rayleigh limit or, in other words, their fissility parameter exceeds the value 1. The absence of small doubly charged atomic cluster ions in mass spectra below an element-specific appearance size has sometimes been attributed to the onset of barrierless fission at = 1. However, more realistic models suggest that marks the size below which the rate of fission surpasses that of competing dissociative channels, and the Rayleigh limit of doubly charged van der Waals clusters has remained unchartered.

Baseline unfolded protein response signaling adjusts the timing of the mammalian cell cycle.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a single-copy organelle that cannot be generated de novo, suggesting coordination between the mechanisms overseeing ER integrity and those controlling the cell cycle to maintain organelle inheritance. The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a conserved signaling network that regulates ER homeostasis. Here, we show that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the UPR sensors IRE1, ATF6, and PERK in unstressed cells delays the cell cycle, with PERK inhibition showing the most penetrant effect, which was associated with a slowdown of the G-to-S/G transition.

Imaging the Ion-Molecule Reaction Dynamics of O + CD.

While neutral reactions involved in methane oxidation have been intensively studied, much less information is known about the reaction dynamics of the oxygen radical anion with methane. Here, we study the scattering dynamics of this anion-molecule reaction using crossed-beam velocity map imaging with deuterated methane. Differential scattering cross sections for the deuterium abstraction channel have been determined at relative collision energies between 0.