High-output heart failure due to arteriovenous malformation treated by endovascular embolisation.

High-output heart failure (HF) is an uncommon condition. This occurs when HF syndrome patients have a cardiac output higher than eight litres per minute. Shunts, such as fistulas and arteriovenous malformations are an important reversible cause.

[Interactions in antithrombotic and hypoglycemic therapy].

This review is an update on antiplatelet therapy and its interaction with oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease. We summarize the main pathophysiological mechanisms that intervene in diabetic patients and that increase the ischemic risk, the effects of the combination of oral hypoglycemic agents, their antithrombotic effects and their interaction with antiplatelet, and finally the studies that demonstrated the benefits of antiplatelet in diabetic patients in different scenarios of ischemic heart disease. The different mechanisms of action involve improved glycemic control, increased bioavailability of nitric oxide, reduced oxidative stress and, for certain molecules, direct inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation.

Beneficio económico de los ensayos clínicos controlados patrocinados: El gasto evitable en medicamentos para el tratamiento de la artritis reumatoidea.

Objectives: To estimate the following: (1) the avoidable cost of biologic (bDMARDs) and conventional synthetic Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) during controlled clinical trials (CCTs), their extension period, and for bDMARDs in post study drug programs; and (2) to evaluate the impact on health insurances.

Methods: We analyzed 13 CCTs (233 patients) that evaluated bDMARDs. Avoidable cost was what the health insurance should have paid if the patient had not received the medication from the CCT sponsor and was estimated with a micro-costing approach (bottom-up method).

ProtozoaDB: dynamic visualization and exploration of protozoan genomes.

ProtozoaDB (http://www.biowebdb.org/protozoadb) is being developed to initially host both genomics and post-genomics data from Plasmodium falciparum, Entamoeba histolytica, Trypanosoma brucei, T.