Blood-brain barrier integrity disruption is associated with both chronic vascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensities.

Background: Cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) like hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus are increasingly linked to cognitive decline and dementia, especially in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are closely associated with cognitive impairment, but the mechanisms behind their development remain unclear. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction may be a key factor, particularly in cSVD.

Biomarkers and Cognition Study, Singapore (BIOCIS): Protocol, Study Design, and Preliminary Findings.

Background: The focus of medicine is shifting from treatment to preventive care. The expression of biomarkers of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) appear decades before the onset of observable symptoms, and evidence has emerged supporting pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to treat modifiable risk factors of dementia. However, there is limited research on the epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, and underlying pathobiology of cognitive diseases in Asian populations.

Mild Behavioral Impairment and Cerebrovascular Profiles Are Associated with Early Cognitive Impairment in a Community-Based Southeast Asian Cohort.

Background: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is one of the earliest observable changes when a person experiences cognitive decline and could be an early manifestation of underlying Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Limited attention has been given to investigating the clinical applicability of behavioral biomarkers for detection of prodromal dementia.

Objective: This study compared the prevalence of self-reported MBI and vascular risk factors in Southeast Asian adults to identify early indicators of cognitive impairment and dementia.

APOE4 carrier status determines association between white matter disease and grey matter atrophy in early-stage dementia.

Background: White matter hyperintensities, a neuroimaging marker of small-vessel cerebrovascular disease and apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) allele, are important dementia risk factors. However, APOE4 as a key effect modifier in the relationship between white matter hyperintensities and grey matter volume needs further exploration.

Methods: One hundred ninety-two early-stage dementia (including mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia) and 259 cognitively unimpaired participants from a neurocognitive research cohort with neuroimaging data, APOE genotyping, and neuropsychological assessments were studied.

Corrigendum: Topology of diffusion changes in corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease: An exploratory case-control study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.