Stress causes lipid droplet accumulation in chondrocytes by impairing microtubules.

Objective: Abnormal mechanical stress is intimately coupled with osteoarthritis (OA). Microtubules play a vital role in the regulation of mechanotransduction and intracellular transport. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of stress-induced microtubule impairment on intracellular transport and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation in chondrocytes.

Identification of a bacteria P450 enzyme from B. megaterium H-1 with vitamin D C-25 hydroxylation capabilities.

Calcidiol (25(OH)VD) and calcitriol (1α,25(OH)VD) are active vitamin D with high medicinal value, which can maintain calcium and phosphorus balance and treat vitamin D deficiency. Microbial synthesis is an important method to produce high-value-added compounds. It can produce active vitamin D through the hydroxylation reaction of P450, which can reduce the traditional chemical synthesis steps, and greatly improve the production efficiency and economic benefits.

The Interfacial Interpenetration Effect for Controlled Reaction Stability of Palladium Catalysts.

Tailoring well-defined interfacial structures of heterogeneous metal catalysts has become an effective strategy for identifying the interface relationships and facilitating the reactions involving multiple intermediates. Here, a particle-particle heterostructure catalyst consisting of Pd and copper oxide nanoparticles is designed to achieve high-performance alkaline methanol oxidation electrocatalysis. The strong coupling particle-particle heterostructure catalyst induced a unique interfacial interpenetration effect to improve the interfacial charge redistribution and regulate the -band structure for optimizing the adsorption of CO intermediates on the catalyst.

Advances in the combination of stem cell exosomes with medical devices-the new direction for combination products.

Exosomes (exos), nanoscale extracellular vesicles, play a critical role in tissue development and function. Stem cell-derived exos, containing various tissue repair components, show promise as natural therapeutic agents in disease treatment and regenerative medicine. However, challenges persist in their application, particularly in targeted delivery and controlled release, which are crucial for enhancing their biological efficacy.

Microglia heterogeneity during neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the mouse retina.

Microglia play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and immunoreactive defense in the central nervous system including retina. To accomplish such a wide range of functions, microglia are highly heterogeneous. Dark microglia (DM) were recently identified by electron microscopy (EM).