Minimal reaction schemes for pattern formation.

We link continuum models of reaction-diffusion systems that exhibit diffusion-driven instability to constraints on the particle-scale interactions underpinning this instability. While innumerable biological, chemical and physical patterns have been studied through the lens of Alan Turing's reaction-diffusion pattern-forming mechanism, the connections between models of pattern formation and the nature of the particle interactions generating them have been relatively understudied in comparison with the substantial efforts that have been focused on understanding proposed continuum systems. To derive the necessary reactant combinations for the most parsimonious reaction schemes, we analyse the emergent continuum models in terms of possible generating elementary reaction schemes.

Genetic Testing Experiences of People Living with Inherited Retinal Degenerations: Results of a Global Survey.

Introduction: Obtaining a genetic diagnosis via genetic testing (GT) is a fundamental step in determining the eligibility of a patient to be enrolled in emerging clinical trials and research studies. Besides, the knowledge of genetic outcome allows patients to plan for significant life choices. However, critical barriers exist to an equitable access to genetic services globally.

Sleep-Related Hallucinations.

The diagnostic category of sleep-related hallucinations (SRH) replaces the previous category of Terrifying Hypnagogic Hallucinations in the 2001 edition of International Classification of Sleep Disorders-R. Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations (HHH) that occur in the absence of other symptoms or disorder and, within the limits of normal sleep, are most likely non-pathological. By contrast, complex nocturnal visual hallucinations (CNVH) may reflect a dimension of psychopathology reflecting different combinations of etiologic influences.

Clozapine-related tachycardia: A conundrum to identify and treat.

Objective: This study examined the rates and persistence of clozapine-induced tachycardia and heart-rate differences in patients treated with β-blockers in the largest sample of patients with a psychotic disorder to date.

Method: An audit of medical files for 101 patients who attended a clozapine community clinic and analysis of monthly measurements of resting heart rates.

Results: 51% met the clinical criteria for tachycardia.