Focused review on transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of patients with continuous axial left ventricular assist devices.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are systems for mechanical support for patients with end-stage heart failure. Preoperative, postoperative and comprehensive followup with transthoracic echocardiography has a major role in LVAD patient management. In this paper, we will present briefly the hemodynamics of axial-flow LVAD, the rationale, and available data for a complete and organized echocardiographic assessment in these patients including preoperative assessment, postoperative and long-term evaluation.

Atypical tamponade hemodynamic in a patient with temporary left ventricular assist device.

Postoperative bleeding and tamponade are considered major complications after implantation of left ventricular assist devices. Firstly, 40% of patients supported by ventricular assist devices experience early postoperative bleeding, and 20% developed tamponade requiring re-exploration. Secondly, we present a case of a patient with tamponade, on temporary left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support with atypical hemodynamic and echocardiographic manifestations demonstrated with computed tomography (CT)-M mode, conventional Doppler, color Doppler and echo imaging.

Echocardiographic findings in stable outpatients with properly functioning HeartMate II left ventricular assist devices.

Background: Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have become part of the standard of care for the treatment of advanced heart failure. However, knowledge of normal values for transthoracic echocardiographic examination and measurements in these patients are lacking.

Methods: All transthoracic echocardiographic examinations in 63 consecutive patients, performed 90 and 180 days after surgery with the implantation of a HeartMate II continuous-flow LVAD between February 2007 and January 2010, were retrospectively analyzed.

Impairment of diaphragm muscle force and neuromuscular transmission after normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of low-dose inhaled CO.

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with significant postoperative morbidity, but its effects on the neuromuscular system are unclear. Recent studies indicate that even relatively short periods of mechanical ventilation result in significant neuromuscular effects. Carbon monoxide (CO) has gained recent attention as therapy to reduce the deleterious effects of CPB.