Valid 3D surface superimposition references to assess facial changes during growth.

Currently, the primary techniques applied for the assessment of facial changes over time utilize 2D images. However, this approach has important limitations related to the dimensional reduction and the accuracy of the used data. 3D facial photography has been recently introduced as a risk-free alternative that overcomes these limitations.

Voxel-based superimposition of serial craniofacial cone-beam computed tomographies for facial soft tissue assessment: Reproducibility and segmentation effects.

Introduction: The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the reproducibility of a voxel-based 3-dimensional superimposition method and the effect of segmentation error on determining soft tissue surface changes.

Methods: A total of 15 pairs of serial cone-beam computed tomography images (interval: 1.69 ± 0.

Voxel-based superimposition of serial craniofacial CBCTs: Reliability, reproducibility and segmentation effect on hard-tissue outcomes.

Objectives: To test the reliability and reproducibility of a fast and user-friendly voxel-based 3D superimposition method and the effect of bone segmentation on its outcomes.

Setting And Sample Population: This prospective methodological study assessed 15 pairs of pre-existing serial CBCT images (interval: 1.69 ± 0.