Comparative analysis of virulence factors produced by strains isolated from chronic wounds or bloodstream infections.

is an important pathogen associated with both chronic wounds and bloodstream infections. Virulence factors required for the establishment of acute and chronic infections differ substantially. Since bacteremia can be a severe outcome of wound colonization, we performed a comparative analysis of virulence between strains isolated from the bloodstream and chronic wounds.

Molecular characterization of the E2 conjugating enzyme LinfUbc13 in Leishmania infantum.

UBC13 is an orthologue of Homo sapiens ubiquitin-conjugation E2 enzymes described in Leishmania mexicana, a null mutant lacking this gene cannot be produced, suggesting essential functions in this parasite. Leishmania infantum is an etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe type of disease that is potentially fatal if untreated. The ubiquitination process has been targeted for leishmanicidal compounds, indicating its essential function in parasite homeostasis.

Continuous Spinal Anesthesia for Emergent Laparotomy in a Patient With Severe Pulmonary Comorbidities: A Case Report.

Severe pulmonary conditions in patients undergoing surgery place them at greater risk of adverse outcomes. Alternatives to general anesthesia are encouraged, particularly for emergent interventions, as these procedures can compromise the patients' full recovery postoperatively. We describe an example of an underused anesthetic technique, continuous spinal anesthesia, to circumvent the perioperative risk of major abdominal surgery, successfully avoiding invasive mechanical ventilation in these patients.

Gallic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide - induced memory deficits, neurochemical changes, and peripheral alterations in purinergic signaling.

Neuroinflammation is associated with many neurological disorders. Gallic acid (GA) has attracted significant attention due to its biological properties, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of GA in memory, TNF-α levels, oxidative stress, and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Na, K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase in the brain of mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Improved Malaria Therapy with Cationic Nanocapsules Demonstrated in -Infected Rodents Using Whole Blood Surrogate Population PK/PD Modeling.

: Investigating how nanoparticle systems interact in whole blood (WB) is critical to evaluating the effectiveness of malaria therapy. Methods: We decided to establish a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of the quinine population in WB using -infected mice, with a subsequent model comparison for nanocapsules coated with polysorbate (NCP80) or prepared with Eudragit RS (NCEUD). The WB quinine population pharmacokinetic model in rats was developed using plasma and partition coefficients for rat erythrocytes.