Incorporating spatial and genetic competition into breeding pipelines with the R package gencomp.

Genetic competition can obscure the true merit of selection candidates, potentially leading to altered genotype rankings and a divergence between expected and actual genetic gains. Despite a wealth of literature on genetic competition in plant and animal breeding, the separation of genetic values into direct genetic effects (DGE, related to a genotype's merit) and indirect genetic effects (IGE, related to the effects of a genotype's alleles on its neighbor's phenotype) in linear mixed models is often overlooked, likely due to the complexity involved. To address this, we introduce gencomp, a new R package designed to simplify the use of (spatial-) genetic competition models in crop and tree breeding routines.

Multiple physiological response analyses of Chlorella vulgaris exposed to silver nanoparticles, ciprofloxacin, and their combination.

The combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) can be considered an alternative to combat multidrug-resistant microbial infections. However, knowledge about their combined toxicity is scarce after being released in an aquatic environment. The present study evaluated the individual toxicity of AgNPs and CIP and their combined toxicity on the unicellular green microalga Chlorella vulgaris, evaluating cellular responses and conducting metabolomic analysis.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of optic nerve sheath diameter in patients severe traumatic brain injury: a comparison with intraparenchymal pressure monitoring.

Objective: Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) can worsen the clinical condition of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. One non-invasive and easily bedside-performed technique to estimate ICP is ultrasonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD). This study aimed to analyze ONSD and correlate it with ICP values obtained by intraparenchymal monitoring to establish the ONSD threshold value for elevated ICP and reference range of ONSD in severe TBI patients.

Influence of Sleep Time on the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in Adolescents in a Capital of Brazil: A Longitudinal Study.

Background/objectives: The study prospectively assessed the association between sleep duration and the consumption of ultra-processed foods in adolescent students from a Brazilian capital.

Methods: We observed 1431 adolescents participating in the Longitudinal Study on sedentary behavior, physical activity, dietary habits, and adolescent health, aged 10 to 14 years, in the years 2014 to 2017. The percentage of consumption of ultra-processed foods was evaluated by the Friedman test.