Bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients at high risk of recurrence.

Purpose: To describe a cohort with a high risk of recurrence who received bezlotoxumab during the first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and to compare this cohort with patients with similar characteristics who did not receive the monoclonal antibody.

Methods: A prospective and multicentre study of patients with a high risk of recurrence (expected recurrence rate>35%) who were treated with bezlotoxumab during their first episode of CDI was conducted. A propensity score-matched model 1:2 was used to compare both cohorts that were weighed according to basal characteristics (hospital-acquisition, creatinine value, and fidaxomicin as a CDI treatment).

The Role of Preschool Dosage and Quality in Children's Self-Regulation Development.

The present study examined how the dosage and quality of the federal preschool program "Head Start" (HS) in the US related to children's self-regulation skills in kindergarten. Using Propensity Score Matching and multiple regression (OLS), this study explored how the number of years and hours a week of HS were related to self-regulation among 2,383 children, who entered the program either at 3 or 4 years old. An additional year in HS was significantly positively associated with self-regulation in kindergarten, while the number of hours a week in HS was not.

MI-Environment: Geospatial patterns and inequality of relative heat stress vulnerability in Michigan.

Heat stress causes morbidity and mortality and is increasing with climate change. Heat stress can pose particular challenges in northern regions not well adapted to heat. To assist decision makers, we identified the relative vulnerability of census tracts within Michigan to factors that increase exposure to heat stress or reflect susceptibilities in the population based on a California heat vulnerability index.

Antimicrobial Stewardship in Community Hospitals.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) help hospitals optimize antibiotic utilization, minimize the risk of developing antibiotic resistance and improve patients' health outcomes. Community hospitals can successfully implement an ASP that incorporates CDC-defined core elements of hospital ASP. The antimicrobial stewardship model should be customized to leadership, available resources and targeted interventions.

Renal Function Recovery and HIV Viral Suppression Following Tenofovir Discontinuation for Renal Impairment.

Background: Tenofovir associated nephrotoxicity (TDFN) is well recognized. This study describes the trend of renal function recovery and virologic consequences after cessation of tenofovir (TDF) for suspected TDFN.

Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of 241 patients who underwent HLA-B*5701 allele testing between January 2007-December 2010.