Efficiency of Several Cytochrome P450 Biomarkers in Highlighting the Exposure of to an Organophosphate Pesticide.

The cytochromes P450 (CYP450) represent a major enzyme family operating mostly in the first step of xenobiotic detoxification in aquatic organisms. The ability to measure these CYP450 enzymes' activities provides a crucial tool to understand organisms' response to chemical stressors. However, research on CYP450 activity measurement is still limited and has had variable success.

Uptake, tissue distribution and toxicological effects of environmental microplastics in early juvenile fish Dicentrarchus labrax.

As the smallest environmental microplastics (EMPs), even at nanoscale, are increasingly present in the environment, their availability and physical and chemical effects on marine organisms are poorly documented. In the present study, we primarily investigated the uptake and accumulation of a mixture of environmental microplastics (EMPs) obtained during an artificial degradation process in early-juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Moreover, we evaluated their hazardous effects using biochemical markers of cytotoxicity.

Reduced food intake in response to CGP 71683A may be due to mechanisms other than NPY Y5 receptor blockade.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to test the continuing validity of the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y (NPY) produced in the brain controls food intake through an interaction with the NPY Y(5) receptor subtype.

Methods: The hypothesis was tested using CGP 71683A a potent and highly selective non-peptide antagonist of the NPY Y(5) receptor which was administered into the right lateral ventricle of obese Zucker fa/fa rats.

Results: Intraventricular injection of 3.

Food intake regulation in rodents: Y5 or Y1 NPY receptors or both?

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), one of the most abundant peptides in rat and human brains, appears to act in the hypothalamus to stimulate feeding. It was first suggested that the NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) was involved in feeding stimulated by NPY. More recently a novel NPY receptor subtype (Y5R) was identified in rat and human as the NPY feeding receptor subtype.