Immune responses in healthy adults elicited by a bivalent norovirus vaccine candidate composed of GI.4 and GII.4 VLPs without adjuvant.

Unlabelled: The development of an efficacious vaccine against norovirus is of paramount importance given its potential to reduce the global burden of norovirus-associated morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a detailed immunological analysis of a phase I, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed on 60 healthy adults, ages 18 to 40. Total serum immunoglobulin and serum IgA against vaccine strains and cross-reactive serum IgG against non-vaccine strains were measured by enzyme immunoassays, whereas cell-mediated immune responses were quantified using intracellular cytokine staining by flow cytometry.

Prioritization of non-coding elements involved in non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate through genome-wide analysis of mutations.

Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is a highly heritable facial disorder. To date, systematic investigations of the contribution of rare variants in non-coding regions to nsCL/P etiology are sparse. Here, we re-analyzed available whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 211 European case-parent trios with nsCL/P and identified 13,522 mutations (DNMs) in nsCL/P cases, 13,055 of which mapped to non-coding regions.