The comparative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and supernatant transplantation on demyelination and inflammation in cuprizone model.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with inflammation and immune dysfunction.

Objectives: We compared the remyelination and immunomodulation properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with their conditioned medium (CM) in the cuprizone model.

Methods: Twenty-four C57BL/ 6 mice were divided into four groups.

Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Approach for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and demyelination of CNS neurons. Up to now, there are many therapeutic strategies for MS but they are only being able to reduce progression of diseases and have not got any effect on repair and remyelination. Stem cell therapy is an appropriate method for regeneration but has limitations and problems.

Cross-Cultural Comparison of Fundamental Movement Skills of Children of Iranian Ethnicities.

Background: Cross-cultural studies can provide information on how different cultural contexts, lifestyles, and physical activity play a role in the development of motor skills. We aimed at a cross-cultural comparison of fundamental movement skills of children of Iranian ethnicities.

Methods: The statistical population included boys and girls aged 7 to 9 years from the centers of Tehran (Persian), Lorestan (Lor), Khuzestan (Arab) and Kurdistan (Kurdish) provinces in 2021 year.

Increased Apoptosis in Subcortical Regions of The Visual Pathway in Offspring Born to Diabetic Rats.

Objective: Diabetes in pregnancy is a prevalent disease that can affect the central nervous system of the fetus by hyperglycemia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of maternal diabetes on neuronal apoptosis in the superior colliculus (SC) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in male neonates born to diabetic mothers.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, female adult rats were separated into three groups: control, diabetic (induced using an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), and insulin-treated diabetic [diabetes controlled by subcutaneous neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH)-insulin injection].

Maternal diabetes decreases the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the visual cortex of male rat neonates.

Aims: This study investigates the impact of maternal diabetes on the expression of α2-adrenergic and M2 muscarinic receptors in the primary visual cortex of male offspring born to diabetic rats.

Main Methods: In adult female rats, a single dose of intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes (Diabetic group). Diabetes was controlled with insulin in the Insulin-treated group.