Phenotypes of Patients with Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Underdosing in Atrial Fibrillation: Results from the ARENA Registry.

Background And Objectives: Oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation is crucial to prevent thrombus formation in the heart, a major cause of ischemic stroke. The appropriate dose of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) - either standard or reduced dose - must be chosen individually in accordance with defined patient characteristics. However, a significant proportion of patients receive inappropriately low DOAC doses (underdosing).

Consistent hierarchies of single-neuron timescales in mice, macaques and humans.

The intrinsic timescales of single neurons are thought to be hierarchically organized across the cortex. This conclusion, however, is primarily based on analyses of neural responses from macaques. Whether hierarchical variation in timescales is a general brain organizing principle across mammals remains unclear.

Decision-making shapes dynamic inter-areal communication within macaque ventral frontal cortex.

Macaque ventral frontal cortex is composed of a set of anatomically heterogeneous and highly interconnected areas. Collectively, these areas have been implicated in many higher-level affective and cognitive processes, most notably the adaptive control of decision-making. Despite this appreciation, little is known about how subdivisions of ventral frontal cortex dynamically interact with each other during decision-making.

Decision-making shapes dynamic inter-areal communication within macaque ventral frontal cortex.

Macaque ventral frontal cortex is comprised of a set of anatomically heterogeneous and highly interconnected areas. Collectively these areas have been implicated in many higher-level affective and cognitive processes, most notably the adaptive control of decision-making. Despite this appreciation, little is known about how subdivisions of ventral frontal cortex dynamically interact with each other during decision-making.

Dissociable Representations of Decision Variables within Subdivisions of the Macaque Orbital and Ventrolateral Frontal Cortex.

The ventral frontal cortex (VFC) in macaques is involved in many affective and cognitive processes and has a key role in flexibly guiding reward-based decision-making. VFC is composed of a set of anatomically distinct subdivisions that are within the orbitofrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior insula. In part, because prior studies have lacked the resolution to test for differences, it is unclear if neural representations related to decision-making are dissociable across these subdivisions.