Treatment with mTOR inhibitors after liver transplantation enables a sustained increase in regulatory T-cells while preserving their suppressive capacity.

Background: The mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (sirolimus [SRL] and everolimus [EVR]) are used after transplantation for their immunosuppressive activity. Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune tolerance. mTOR inhibitors appear to preserve Tregs, unlike Tacrolimus (Tac).

Antenatal prognostic factor of fetal echogenic bowel.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify antenatal prognostic factors of neonatal outcomes in cases of fetal echogenic bowel (FEB).

Study Design: A retrospective study in three tertiary referral centers including fetal echogenic bowel over a 10-year period (from January 2003 to December 2013). The echogenicity of the fetal bowel was graded from 1 to 3, according to Slotnick's definition.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastroesophageal reflux.

Bariatric surgery is the only effective procedure that provides long-term sustained weight loss. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged over the last few years to be an ideal bariatric procedure because it has several advantages compared to more complex bariatric procedures, including avoiding an intestinal bypass. However, several published follow-up studies report an increased rate of gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) after a SG.