[Bases of infusional therapy. Note. I. Fluid balance].

The complex hydroelectrolytic problem is examined by a study of the physiology and physiopathology of fluids, electrolytes and proteins. A number of interesting critical and clinical problems of use in the pre- and postoperative treatment of surgical patients and in cases where a change in the hydroelectric balance takes place, are involved. Therapy is facilitated if needs are calculated on the basis of the three basic principles: 1) daily physiological need; 2) replacement of physiological losses; 3) elimination of the existing deficiency.

[Retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum caused by closed abdominal injury].

Preoperative diagnosis of retroperitoneal rupture of the duodenum is very difficult. Radiographical observation of air surrounding the right kidney or psoas muscle is of great assistance in this respect, but may only be expected in 30% of cases. Examination of the first segment of the digestive tract with the aid of "gastropgrafin" is advised.