Fragmented ureteral stent extraction by antegrade and retrograde access:using ureteroscope and nephroscope.

there are different complications of using ureteral stents in urology field, one of the challenging complications is stent fragmentation which is frequent in patients with missed and forgotten stents accompanying encrustation, presented case was 70- year-old female, left single kidney with stent fragmentation After TUL and stent insertion one year ago, because of retained fragments in kidney, ureter, and bladder, combined antegrade and retrograde approach was used for stent fragments extraction, for preventing stent related complications we should signify the importance of timely extraction of ureteral stents during inpatient and outpatient visits and using remembrance methods.

PCNL in the management of lower pole caliceal calculi.

Introduction: Several therapeutic methods are used in the management of lower pole caliceal calculi. This survey has been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of lower pole calculi.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-five patients, 43 males and 12 females with a mean age of 41.

A comparison between laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Introduction: Our aim was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes, complications, and hospital stay in laparoscopic and open pyeloplasty.

Materials And Methods: From February 2002 to February 2003, 69 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) were assigned into two groups. Thirty-seven patients underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty and 32 underwent open surgical pyeloplasty.

Surgical management of stress urinary incontinence.

Introduction: This review evaluates the most recent knowledge regarding surgical management of stress urinary incontinence.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive MEDLINE search was performed, limited to those articles published from 1995 to 2005. In total, 470 articles were reviewed-the most relevant of which were considered, and additional ones were selected by reviewing these studies' bibliographies.

Fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: contributing factors.

Background And Purpose: The exact mechanism of fever and urosepsis after percutaneous procedures has not been established. This research studied the frequency of fever after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and the contributing factors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, from September 2003 to March 2004, all 217 patients with nephrolithiasis treated with PCNL at the Labbafinegad Specialized Urology Center were studied.