Risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients: a case-control study.

Objective: To analyze risk factors for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in kidney transplant recipients.

Study Design: In a case-control study, 17 PCP cases diagnosed between July 1994 and July 2000 were matched with two controls each (previous and subsequent kidney transplant recipients who did not develop PCP during the same follow-up period). Demographics, organ origin, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches, use of poly- or monoclonal anti-CD3 antibodies (Po/MoAb) for induction or rejection treatment, rejection episodes, cumulative steroid dose for rejection treatment, immunosuppressive regimens, and other infections were analyzed.