A Randomised Phase II Trial Comparing Docetaxel Plus Prednisone with Docetaxel Plus Prednisone Plus Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Background: Docetaxel plus prednisone is a standard treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cyclophosphamide may be an effective combination partner.

Methods: This randomised, multicentre, phase II trial compared the combination therapy of docetaxel plus prednisone plus cyclophosphamide with the standard therapy of docetaxel plus prednisone.

Long-term clinical outcome in patients with stage-I nonseminomatous germ cell cancer. A critical review of own treatment modalities in a retrospective study.

Purpose: The optimal management of patients with clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer (NSGCT I) was considered controversial until the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group determined unambiguous treatment strategies. In order to assess the long-term outcome we evaluated the data of patients with NSGCT I.

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective evaluation, we included 52 patients with a mean age of 26 years (range 15-58) who were treated with different modalities at our department between 1989 and 2003.

Alterations of selected genes of the Wnt signal chain in rat kidneys with spontaneous congenital obstructive uropathy.

Objective: To determine the role of the Wnt signal cascade in the pathophysiology of congenital obstructive uropathy in rats, we assessed the expression patterns of selected genes.

Methods: Total cellular mRNA of complete obstructed, contralateral and healthy control kidneys of rats with hereditary, spontaneous congenital hydronephrosis at the age of 14 and 32days was extracted and pooled. mRNA expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Gender differences in voluntary micturition control: an fMRI study.

In the last decade functional imaging has gained substantial importance for identifying cortical and subcortical brain regions being involved in the micturition circuit. However, possible gender differences are still a matter of debate. In the present study we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to determine micturition related brain regions in healthy men and compared them with those in women to elucidate gender-related differences.

[Spontaneous perirenal hematomas in patients taking anticoagulation medication or having a bleeding diathesis].

Spontaneous perirenal hematoma is a rare condition. The clinical features are acute flank or abdominal pain, haematuria, hypotension and shock. Bleeding is most commonly caused by renal tumours, especially angiomyolipomas.